some: some important differences; some hobbies

any: any countries or continents; any coal or oil; any food; any special missions

LEARN THIS! some and any

We use some and any with uncountable and plural countable nouns. (Chúng ta dùng some và any với những danh từ không đếm được và danh từ đếm được ở dạng số nhiều.)

a. We use some in affirmative sentences. (Ta dùng some cho câu khẳng định.)

b. We use any in negatives sentences and questions. (Ta dùng any cho câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn.)

LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

a. We form the past perfect with (1) had or (2) hadn’t and the past participle.

(Chúng ta tạo thì quá khứ hoàn thành với had hoặc hadn’t với động từ ở thể quá khứ phân từ.)

b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.

(Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành khi ai đó đang nói về những sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ và chúng ta muốn nói đến những sự kiện trước đó nữa.)

When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.

(Khi mình đến lớp thì bài học đã bắt đầu.)

c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.

(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành với after, before hoặc when.)

Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.

(Trước khi mình đến trạm xe buýt, thì xe buýt đã đi mất.)

After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.

(Sau khi mình gọi cho Maggie, mình xem một bộ phim trên TV.)

had thrown … away; had risen; had increased; had spilled; had kept; had sold; had thrown; had … forgotten; hadn’t saved

1. will have

2. will be

3. perfect

4. continuous

Amanda recently had a colourful butterfly tattooed on her wrist. Brad had the names of his two daughters tattooed on his neck under his hair. His friend Doug had his back decorated with a large tattoo of a shield. For the people themselves, these examples of body art are meaningful and important. Nevertheless, they deliberately had them done in places that can easily be hidden. Why? Because they want to give themselves the best possible chance of getting a job, and many employers have a negative attitude towards tattoos and other forms of body art (piercings, body painting, etc.). That is because many employers do not think that decorating yourself with tattoos is acceptable. But when these employers were young themselves, back in the 1980s, they probably had their hair dyed a bright colour to shock their parents! Fashions change, but younger generations always have the desire to be different.

Katie moved to Viet Nam after her mother found a job here. Having spent the first few months fitting to the new school, Katie now has an interesting school life. Last week, she joined her school’s field trip to Con Dao island. It involved releasing sea turtles into the sea. Having listened to careful instructions from the scientists, Katie and her friends received little turtles to care for before they took the turtles to the beach. Katie then learned how to release her little turtles to the sea. Though it was a short one, participating in the trip helped Katie make new friends. She loved having done something to protect the wildlife.

Ví dụ a: “participating in the trip helped Katie make new friends.”

(tham gia chuyến đi đã giúp Katie kết bạn mới.)

“It involved releasing sea turtles into the sea.”

(Nó liên quan đến việc thả rùa biển xuống biển.)

Ví dụ b: “Having spent the first few months fitting to the new school, Katie now has an interesting school life.”

(Trải qua vài tháng đầu tiên để thích nghi với ngôi trường mới, giờ đây Katie đã có một cuộc sống học đường thú vị.)

Ví dụ c: “She loved having done something to protect the wildlife.”

(Cô ấy thích làm điều gì đó để bảo vệ động vật hoang dã.)

Ví dụ d: “Having participated in the trip, Katie felt more connected to the environment.”

(Tham gia chuyến đi, Katie cảm thấy gắn kết hơn với môi trường.)

co-creator (đồng sáng lập), ex-student (cựu sinh viên), overestimate (đánh giá quá cao), postgraduate (sau đại học), semiprofessional (bán chuyện nghiệp), undervalue (coi thường), oversleep (ngủ nướng).

acceptable - unacceptable (chấp nhận – không chấp nhận)

dependent – independent (phụ thuộc – độc lập)

fair – unfair (công bằng – không công bằng)

honest - dishonest (thật thà – dối trá)

legal – illegal (hợp pháp – bất hợp pháp)

likely - unlikely (giống – không giống)

surprising - unsurprising (bất ngờ - không bất ngờ)

visible – invisible (có thể nhìn thấy – tàng hình)

a. the toughest

b. the biggest

c. the most powerful; the most difficult

d. the worst

e. one of the biggest tsunamis

f. the most powerful (earthquake ever) in Japan; the (fifth) most powerful in the world

a: the toughest

b: the biggest

c: the most powerful, the most difficult

d: the worst

e: one of the biggest tsunamis

f:. the most powerful (earthquake ever) in Japan; the (fifth) most powerful in the world

a. past simple

b. present perfect

c. present perfect

d. present perfect

e. present perfect