B. Read the article. Check your predictions in A and match the titles to paragraphs 1-3. 

(Đọc bài viết dưới đây. Kiểm tra các dự đoán của bạn trong bài A và nối các tiêu đề với các đoạn từ 1-3.)

Pride Through Fashion

1. If you visit the Andes regions of Bolivia, Peru, or Chile, you might see women wearing unique clothing: bowler hats, handmade shawis, and lots of jewelry. This is the fashion of Aymaran women. The Aymara are an indigenous group of people from the Andes mountains and Aymaran women's clothing is very different. Locally, these women are called “cholitas” with their “chola” fashion. 

2. In the past, it was difficult for Aymaran women to get good jobs or an education. They often lived in poorer parts of the cities. But in modern Bolivia, this is changing. More and more Aymaran women go to school. They often get well-paid jobs, so they now have money to spend on more expensive clothes. When French photographer Delphine Blast visited La Paz, the capital of Bolivia she loved the style of the cholitas, so she photographed some of these fashionably dressed women. 

3. Eliana Paco Paredes is an Aymaran fashion designer, and she says that chola clothes are in fashion at the moment. She has a store in La Paz and sells the clothes to local people, and also internationally. “We dress many people in Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and some products we make go to Spain and Italy.” Recently, Eliana showed her clothes at New York's Fashion Week, where they were very popular. “We're getting people to learn about what this clothing is, ... and many women outside of Bolivia want to wear these outfits.”

indigenous (adj): coming to / living in a country before anyone else

a. The modern lives of the “cholitas” _____

(Cuộc sống hiện đại của “cholitas”)

b. Women with a special style of clothing _____

(Phụ nữ với kiểu quần áo đặc biệt)

c. International “chola” fashion _____

(Thời trang “chola” quốc tế)

2. Read the texts. Check your answers in exercise 1. Were any of your guesses correct?

(Đọc đoạn văn. Kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn ở bài tập 1. Có dự đoán nào của bạn đúng không?)

Inventions the world forgot

1. Telhartnonium

The Telharmonium was the world's first electronic musical instrument. It was designed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897. Music from the instrument was broadcast to people’s homes using a telephone. Before the invention of the radio, people loved these first home concerts. After Cahill's death in 1934, his brother kept one of the three models, but in 1962 it was destroyed. No recordings of the music were kept, so the Telharmonium and its unique sound have disappeared forever.

2. The Writing Ball

Invented in 1865 by Rasmus Malling- Hansen from Denmark, the Writing Ball was a machine for typing onto paper. Its use of electricity made the movement faster. However, you could not see the paper as you were typing. Nevertheless, the Writing Ball was very successful. Since each model was made by hand, it was soon replaced by other cheaper machines produced in factories. A new keyboard with a different key arrangement appeared. The once-popular Writing Ball was forgotten.

3. The Antikythera Mechanism

In 1901, parts of an ancient machine were discovered on a ship near the Greek island of Antikythera. It had been made about 1,900 years earlier, in 2 BCE. For many years after its discovery, nobody understood exactly what the machine was for. In the 1970s, scientists found that this ancient computer had been designed to predict the movements of the sun, the moon and the planets. It did this using more than thirty hand-made metal wheels of different sizes. The remains of the Antikythera mechanism are now kept at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, together with a number of reconstructions to demonstrate how it may have worked.

GOAL CHECK – Make Predictions

(Kiểm tra mục tiêu – Đưa ra Dự đoán)

1. Read the questions and write two more in the table. Check (✓) your answers.

(Đọc câu hỏi và viết thêm hai câu vào bảng. Đánh dấu (✓) vào câu trả lời của bạn.)

2. Ask a partner the questions and check (✓) his or her answers. Then compare your answers.

(Đặt câu hỏi cho bạn bên cạnh và đánh dấu (✓) câu trả lời của bạn. Sau đó so sánh các câu trả lời với nhau.)

4. Read the text. Match sentences A-D with gaps 1-4 in the text. Use your answers from exercise 3 to help you.

(Đọc văn bản. Nối các câu A-D với khoảng trống 1-4 trong văn bản. Sử dụng câu trả lời của bạn từ bài tập 3.)

A. Back in 2005, cloud storage was quite a new idea.

B. If you met him, you probably wouldn't realise that he is a multi-millionaire.

C. Most people of his age would lead an extravagant lifestyle if they had so much money.

D. He only goes to expensive restaurants if an important customer wants to eat there.

Aaron Levie loves tinned spaghetti. He lives in a small apartment. At the age of 27, his biggest luxury is his smartphone. (1) _____. However, as co-founder and CEO of Box, a successful IT company, he is worth about $100 million. He loves his job and works hard. Most days, he does not leave the office until after midnight.

Levie and his friend Dylan Smith started Box in 2005 while still at university. It offered a better way of storing data, cloud storage.

Like most new businesses, Box did not bring in much income at the start. When it began, Levie and Smith looked for funding, but couldn't find any investors. (2) _____. For that reason, nobody wanted to risk lending them money. Eventually, a well-down entrepreneur called Mark Cuban agree to put money into Box. Soon, Box grew quickly and had contracts with many of the biggest companies in the USA.

Now, Box has grown a lot and so have its profits, making Levie a multi-millionaire. (3) _____. But Levie says that it doesn't interest him. "I'm certainly not into money." (4) _____. Otherwise, he has lunch meetings in burger bars. "And l still like tinned spaghetti. I'd be happy if I had it every day.”

2. Read the text. How many different video games does the writer mention by name? What are they?

(Đọc bài khóa. Có bao nhiêu tên trò chơi điện tử khác nhau mà tác giả nhắc đến? Chúng là gì?)

Could playing video games be good for your health?

Many people assume that video games have a negative effect on young people. A lot of time in front of a screen is bad for the mind and the body, and combat games cause concern because they contain violence. Newspapers often express the same opinion. However, according to a report in American Psychologist, playing video games can be good for children's education, health and social skills. Video games can actually improve certain mental skills. Combat games, for example, teach players to think in three dimensions. This helps children with science, technology, engineering and maths. Other types of video game can have other positive effects. In 2013, research showed that children who play role-playing games get better grades at school than those who don't play them. Other research showed that playing any video game improves children's creativity.

Quick and simple games like Angry Birds can improve players' mood and prevent them from feeling anxious. The report also says that video games teach children how to react well to failure because players continually fail and try again. This makes them emotionally strong in real life. Video games can improve social skills too, the report says. More than 70% of garners play with a friend, and many take part in online games, like Farmville, with millions of other people. The players learn how to lead a group, work together and make decisions. Overall, the report accepts that some video games can have negative effects, but reminds us that they can have benefits too.

1. Read the text. Where is Howells's hard drive? How much is it worth? Did he find it?

(Đọc bài khóa. Ổ cứng của Howells ở đâu? Giá trị của nó là bao nhiêu? Anh ta có tìm thấy nó không?)

Buried treasure

In November 2013, James Howells started searching an enormous rubbish dump. He was looking for a computer hard drive which he had thrown away three months earlier. The hard drive contained 7,500 bitcoins (a virtual currency that people use online). He had bought the bitcoins for almost nothing in 2009, but by 2013 the value of a single bitcoin had risen to over 1,000. So, the value of Howells′s collection had increased to 7.5 million. 

In 2010, Howells, who works in IT, took his computer apart because he had spilled a drink on it. He had first kept the hard drive and had sold the other parts. When in 2013 he heard about the value of the virtual currency, it was too late. He had thrown the hard drive away! He had totally forgotten about the bitcoins. Howells never found the hard drive - and unfortunately, he hadn't saved any of his data.

3. Read the Reading Strategy. Then read the text, focusing on each gap and thinking about what might happen next.

(Đọc Chiến thuật Đọc hiểu. Sau đó đọc bài khóa, tập trung vào mỗi khoảng trống và nghĩ xem chuyện gì sẽ xảy ra tiếp theo.)

Reading Strategy (Chiến thuật đọc hiểu)

When you do a task with gapped sentences in a narrative text, look carefully at the sentence before each gap and think about what is likely to happen next. Then look at the options and see which of the sentences matches your ideas. Finally, check that the text reads smoothly with your chosen sentence in place.

(Khi bạn làm bài điền câu vào chỗ trống trong một bài văn tự sự, cẩn thận nhìn vào câu trước của mỗi chỗ trống và suy nghĩ xem điều gì sẽ xảy ra tiếp theo.)

Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps. Choose the best summary of the text: a, b or c.

a. Parents may find it difficult to understand their adolescent children, but it is a parent's duty to communicate properly with them and avoid arguments.

b. Although teenagers develop new ideas, values and beliefs during adolescence, that is no excuse for bad behaviour. They should listen to their parents.

c. Teenagers experience big physical and emotional changes during adolescence. It's important to communicate with your parents and try to understand their point of view.

HOW TO HANDLE YOUR PARENTS

Adolescence is a difficult time for both parents and teenagers as it is a period of physical, social and emotional changes. Physically, as a dependent pre-teen child, you are being transformed into an independent young adult. ¹____________

First, you want more freedom to choose who to see and when. You used to be most happy in the company of your parents. Now you want to spend some more time on your own. Second, your parents made most decisions before adolescence. But now you want to decide things for yourselves. ²____________. Above all, adolescents have strong opinions and are idealistic. ³____________. You feel you have all the answers while adults don't.

All these perfectly normal changes will affect teenagers' relationship with parents. So what can you, as adolescents, do to stay on good terms with your parents? ⁴____________. Secondly, try to agree rules and boundaries and prove to be dependable. Keep your words and stick to rules.

Thirdly, try to understand why they might be irritated by your behaviour. Show your parents that you are capable of an independent life by taking care of your own school work and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it's all about communication! ⁵____________. The more disconnected they feel, the more critical, distrustful and controlling they tend to become.