Thấy : \(a+bc=a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\) 

CMTT \(b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

Suy ra : \(A=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\) là b/p số hữu tỉ 

ta có:

\(c+ab=c.1+ab=c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab=ca+cb+c^2+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

tương tự như vậy thì \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:

\(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}};\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}};\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)

Ta có BĐT \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) (tự c/m)

Áp dụng vào,ta có: \(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+b\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{4\left(c+b\right)}\) (Làm tắt,ráng hiểu)

Chứng minh tương tự và cộng theo vế:

\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

3)

1.

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

2.

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x+1;y+1;z+1\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\in\left[0;2\right]\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(P=\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(z+1\right)^3\)

\(P=x^3+y^3+z^3+3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\Rightarrow x\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3+z^3=\left(y+z\right)^3-3yz\left(y+z\right)\le\left(y+z\right)^3\\y^2+z^2=\left(y+z\right)^2-2yz\le\left(y+z\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le x^3+\left(3-x\right)^3+3x^2+3\left(3-x\right)^2+12\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le15x^2-45x+66=15\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)+36\le36\)

(Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\))

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị

\(\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{b+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{c+2}-1\ge2-3\)

\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\)

\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2a+b^2+2b+c^2+2c}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm

Phía trên thoả mãn \(\ge1\) chứ không phải 3/2 đâu ạ