a) Chất rắn không tan là Mg

\(Ca + 2H_2O \to Ca(OH)_2 + H_2\\ n_{Ca} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)\\ m = m_{Mg} = m_A - m_{Ca} = 4,4 - 0,05.40 = 2,4(gam)\\ b)\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,4}{4,4}.100\% = 54,55\%\\ \%m_{Ca} = 100\% - 54,55\%=45,45\%\)

a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)

Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y___2y____y______y(mol)

b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)

=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)

nH2= 0,04(mol)

Ta lập hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)

mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.1=0,3mol\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

0,1        0,3                        0,15  ( mol )

\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=9,1.2,7=6,4g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

nHCl = 0,3 . 1 = 0,3 (mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Mol: 0,1 <--- 0,3 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,15

mAl = 0,1 . 27 = 2,7 (g(

mCu = 9,1 - 2,7 = 6,4 (g)

VH2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)

a)

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$

b)

Theo PTHH : 

$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{10}.100\% = 56\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -56\% = 44\%$

a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075

=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)

=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)

b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

          0,05->0,0375

           2Cu + O₂ --t^o--> 2CuO 

            0,2-->0,1

=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b

\(m_{Cu}=m_B=6,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=17,4-6,4=11\left(g\right)\)

=> 27a + 56b = 11

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂ 

            b----------------------->b

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             a------------------------>1,5a

=> 1,5a + b = 0,4

=> a = 0,2; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)