đặt \(t=ab+bc+ca\)

\(=>t=ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)

mặt khác 

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(=>a^2+b^2+c^2=9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

khi đó 

\(P=\frac{9-2t}{t}\)(zới t nhỏ hơn hoặc = 3)

xét \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{9-2t}{t}\left(t\le3\right)\)

\(f'\left(t\right)=-\frac{9}{t^2}< 0\)

=> f(t) N Biến \(\left(-\infty,3\right)\)

min f(t)=f(3)=1

koo tồn tại max\(f\left(t\right)\)

zậy minP=1 khi a=b=c=1

\(-1\le a\le2\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+1\ge0\\a-2\le0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a-2\right)\le0}\)

Tương tự \(\left(b+1\right)\left(b-2\right)\le0,\left(c+1\right)\left(c-2\right)\le0\)

=> (a+1)(a-2)+(b+1)(b-2)+(c+1)(c-2)\(\le\)0 => a²+b²+c²-(a+b+c)-6\(\le\)0 

=>a²+b²+c² \(\le\)6 

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (a+1)(  a-2)=0, (b+1)(b-2)=0, (c+1)(c-2)=0 , a+b+c=0 <=> a=2, b=c=-1 và các hoán vị 

Lời giải:

Tìm min:
Áp dụng hệ thức quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM là $a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac$

$\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\geq 1$

Vậy $P_{\min}=1$ khi $a=b=c=1$

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Tìm max:

Đặt $ab+bc+ac=t$

Ta có: \(P=\frac{(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ac)}{ab+bc+ac}=\frac{9-2(ab+bc+ac)}{ab+bc+ac}=\frac{9-2t}{t}=\frac{9}{t}-2(1)\)

Vì $a,b,c\leq 2\Rightarrow (a-2)(b-2)(c-2)\leq 0$

$\Leftrightarrow abc-2(ab+bc+ac)+4(a+b+c)-8\leq 0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)\geq abc+4(a+b+c)-8=abc+4$

Mà $a,b,c\geq 0\Rightarrow abc\geq 0$

$\Rightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)\geq abc+4\geq 4\Rightarrow t=ab+bc+ac\geq 2(2)$

Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{9}{2}-2=\frac{5}{2}$

Vậy $P_{\max}=\frac{5}{2}$ khi $(a,b,c)=(0,2,1)$ và hoán vị.

Vì \(0\le a\le2;0\le b\le2;0\le c\le2\Rightarrow\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow8-4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)-8+abc\ge4\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge12-8+abc\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le-4\)

Ta có :

\(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le9-4=5\Rightarrowđpcm\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi

\(\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)=0\)

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2-a=0\\2-b=0\\2-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)

-Tham khảo:

-Tham khảo: