Exercise 4. Complete the passage. Use the superlative of the words in brackets. 

Tokyo has a population of 35 million people. It is the (1)___________ (large) city in the world. It is also one of the (2)____________ (exciting). Everything moves fast here. It has one of the (3)_______ (big) and (4)_______ (busy) railway systems in the world. Every day, 11 million commuters use it to get to and from work. People earn the (5)________ (high) salaries, and they spend the (6)______ (much) money. They wear the (7)_______ (late) fashions and have the (8)______ (up-to-date) phones. It is the world’s (9)_________ (expensive) city. The (10)____ (beautiful) time of year to visit Tokyo is spring, when the famous cherry blossom is on the trees. 

V.  Complete the text with the most suitable form of the adjectives in brackets.

      London is one of (1) __________ (large) cities in the world. Its population is(2) __________(low) than Tokyo and Shanghai, but it is one of (3) __________(popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably (4) __________ (famous) forits museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a (5) __________(wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to saythat it was (6)    __________(dirty) city too, but it is now much (7) __________(clean) than it was. It now has some of (8) __________ (good) restaurants in Europe too.

The United States is a large country. It is the third largest in the whole world! It is located in a continent called North America. Parts of the United States touch three different oceans. The United States has tall mountains, wide plains, deserts, hills, rivers, lakes, volcanoes and even rainforests! People from all over the world have come to live in the United States. There are 50 states in the United States. The newest states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not connected to the other states. Alaska is the largest state and Hawaii is a chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean.

22.The United States is the _________ country in the world. 

A.   second largest         B.largest       C.smallest        D.third largest

23.Alaska is ___________ and Hawaii is __________.

A. a chain of islands/ the largest state            B. the largest state/ a chain of islands

C.a chain of islands/ the largest state D.not connected to the other states/ the largest state

24.The United States does not have ____________.

 A.50 states                 B. volcanoes                C. mountains   D.continents

25.Parts of the United States touch _________ different oceans.

A.1                  B.2                  C.4                  D.3

26.What continent is the United States in?

A.North America                    B.Australia                  C. Africa         D.Europe

Complete with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.

The Indian Ocean is (a)__________ (small) than the Atlantic Ocean but (b)__________ (big) than the Arctic Ocean. The (c)__________ (large) ocean in the world is the Pacific, and it's also the (d)__________ (deep). There's a place called Point Nemo in the Pacific Ocean, which is the (e)__________ (far) point from land in the whole world. The astronauts in the International Space Station 400 kilometers in space are often (f)__________ (close) to Point Nemo than any other person on land.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A. B. C. or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to

expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments

The author mentions all of the following is examples of the effect of humans on the world's ecosystems EXCEPT ________ 

A. the extensive damage to marine ecosystems 

B. the habitat destruction in wetlands 

C. the destruction of the tropical rainforests 

D. the introduction of new varieties of plant species 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question:The word “critical” is closest in meaning to

A. complicated

B. interesting

C. negative

D. essential

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question:The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to

A. shocking

B. unknown

C. illuminating

D. predicted