* Nếu trong TN2, kim loại không tan hết

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_HCl = 0,04 (mol)

- Xét TN1:

- Nếu kim loại tan hết

\(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{3,1}{127}=\dfrac{31}{1270}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

       \(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)<-\(\dfrac{31}{635}\)<----\(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)

Vô lí do \(\dfrac{31}{635}>0,04\)

=> Fe dư 

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

         0,02<-0,04---->0,02

=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=3,1-2,54=0,56\left(g\right)\)

=> \(a=0,56+0,02.56=1,68\left(g\right)\)

- Xét TN2:

Theo ĐLBTKL: a + b + 0,04.36,5 = 3,34 + 0,02.2

=> a + b = = 1,92 (g)

=> b = 0,24 (g)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,24}{24}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

         0,01-------------->0,01-->0,01

             Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,01<-------------0,01<--0,01

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,01.95=0,95\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,01.127=1,27\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

* Nếu trong TH2, kim loại tan hết

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

           x----------------->x------>x

            Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            y----------------->y---->y

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95x+127y=3,34\\x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-0,025\\y=0,045\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_HCl = 0,27 (mol)

Theo ĐLBTKL: m_{kim loại} + m_HCl = m_muối + m_H2

=> m_muối = 5,85 + 0,27.36,5 - 0,135.2 = 15,435 (g)

b) V_H2 = 3,024 (l) (Theo đề bài)

c) 

Hỗn hợp kim loại gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:a\left(mol\right)\\X:3a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 27a + M_X.3a = 5,85

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             a----------------------->1,5a

             X + 2HCl --> XCl₂ + H₂

            3a------------------->3a

=> 1,5a + 3a = 0,135

=> a = 0,03 (mol)

=> M_X = 56 (g/mol)

=> X là Fe

a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)

\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)

______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)

\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)

0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)

⇒ m = m_AgCl + m_Ag = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)

- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO₃)₃: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO₃)₂: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)

Đáp án A

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ a............3a.......a.........1,5a\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.........2b........b.........b\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=5,5\\1,5a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,5}.100\approx49,091\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{5,5}.100\approx50,909\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{3a+2b}{0,5}=\dfrac{3.0,1+2.0,05}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\)

nO2=0,085(mol) => nO= 0,17(mol)

m hỗn hợp KL=3,36(g)

nO(trong H2O) = nO(trong O2) = 0,17

=> nH2O = 0,17

=> nH(trong HCl) = nH(trong H2O) = 2nH2O= 0,34

=> nHCl=0,34

=> nCl= 0,34

m muối khan= mKL + mCl = 3,36 + 0,34 x 35,5 = 15,43

Đáp án B

n_Ca = 0,28

n_HCl = 2n_H2SO4

=>0,28.2 = n_HCl + 2n_H2SO4 => n_HCl = 0,28 => n_H2SO4 = 0,14

m+21,14 = 11,2 + 0,14.96 + 0,28.35,5 => m = 13,44g => n_O = (13,44 - 21,14)/16 = 0,14

Bảo toàn e :  0,28.2 = 0,14.2 + 8n_NH4NO3 + 0,04.3 => n_NH4NO3 = 0,02

=>m_{ran khan} = 0,28.(40 + 62.2) + 0,02.80 = 47,52g

=>B

a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(M+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_M=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{11,2}{0,2}=56\left(g/mol\right)\)

→ M là Fe.

b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ n_{H2SO4 dư} = 0,5.1 - 0,2 = 0,3 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, Ta có: \(n_{FeSO_4.7H_2O}=n_{FeSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4.7H_2O}=0,2.278=55,6\left(g\right)\)