Câu 1:

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)

\(2CH\equiv CH\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH\)

\(CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Ni}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\)

\(nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,p,xt}}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)

Câu 2:

\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\underrightarrow{^{t^o,CaO}}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\)

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)

I)

1) 

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2+2H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_2=CH-CH_3+CH_4\)

2)

\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[]{CaO,t^o}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

3)

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-\right)_n\)

4) 

\(C_4H_8+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_4+C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)

II)

1)

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CHBr_2-CBr_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CH_3-CBr_2-CBr_2-CH_3\\ CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+AgNO_3+NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3\downarrow+NH_4NO_3\)

2)

\(CH\equiv CH+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv CAg\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

III)

1) \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H=\dfrac{0,88-0,06.12}{1}=0,16\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankan}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_{ankan}=\dfrac{0,88}{0,02}=44\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankan là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 44 => n = 3

Vậy X là C₃H₈ \(\left(CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_3:propan\right)\)

2) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,62}{18}=0,09\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=2n_{H_2O}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_C=\dfrac{1,62-0,18}{12}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankin}=n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow nM_{ankin}=\dfrac{1,62}{0,03}=54\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankin là C_nH_2n-2

=> 14n - 2 = 54 => n = 4

Vậy X là C₄H₆

CTCT: 

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3:\) but-1-in

\(CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3:\) but-2-in

3)

Sửa đề: 1,17 -> 11,7

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{11,7}{18}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,6}{44}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}>n_{CO_2}\Rightarrow\) hh thuốc dãy đồng đẳng ankan

Ta có: \(n_{hh}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo BTNT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_H=2n_{H_2O}=1,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{hh}=0,4.12+1,3=6,1\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{hh}=\dfrac{6,1}{0,25}=24,4\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CT chung của hh là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 24,4 => n = 1,6 

=> Hai hiđrocacbon là CH₄ và C₂H₆

\(C_4H_8 + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} CH_4 + C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4 \xrightarrow{lln,1500^oc}C_2H_2 + 3H_2\\ 2C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,p,xt} C_4H_4\\ C_2H_2 + 2AgNO_3 + 2NH_3 \to C_2Ag_2 + 2NH_4NO_3\\ C_2H_2 + H_2\xrightarrow{t^o,PbCO_3} C_2H_4\)

(1) \(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

(2) \(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)

(3) \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

(4) \(2CH_3COOH+CuO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Cu+H_2O\)

(1) \(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

(2) \(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)

(3) \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

 (4) \(2CH_3COOH+CuO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Cu+H_2O\)

\(NaCl + H_2SO_{4_{đặc}} \xrightarrow{t^o} NaHSO_4 + HCl\\ MnO_2 + 4HCl \to MnCl_2 + Cl_2 + 2H_2O\\ Cl_2 + H_2S \xrightarrow{t^o} 2HCl + S\\ S + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} H_2S\\ 2NaOH + H_2S \to Na_2S + 2H_2O\\ Na_2S + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + H_2S\\ H_2S + 4Br_2 + 4H_2O \to 8HBr + H_2SO_4\\ BaCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + 2HCl\)

$B$

Giải thích:

$A$ không thực hiện được vì $C_2H_4$ chưa thể điều chế ngay $CH_3COOC_2H_5$

$C$ không thực hiện được vì $CH_3COOC_2H_5$ chưa thể điều chế ngay $C_2H_4$

$D$ không thực hiện được vì $CH_3COOH$ không thể điều chế ngay được $C_2H_4$

PTHH:

\(C_2H_4+H_2O\xrightarrow[axit]{t^o}C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[H_2SO_{4\left(đặc\right)}]{t^o}\)

a, \(C_2H_2+Cl_2\rightarrow C+2HCl\)

\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

\(CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

\(2KCl+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+Cl_2+H_2\) ( đpcmn )

\(6KOH+3Cl_2\rightarrow KClO_3+5KCl+3H_2O\)

\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)

b, \(NaCl+H_2SO_4\rightarrow NaHSO_4+HCl\) ( NaCl khan , H2SO4 đặc nóng )

\(2HCl\rightarrow H_2+Cl_2\) ( Đpdd )

\(6KOH+3Cl_2\rightarrow KClO_3+5KCl+3H_2O\)

\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)

\(2KCl\rightarrow2K+Cl_2\) ( Đpdd )

\(Cl_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaOCl_2+H_2O\)