a: 3x^2-12y^2

=3(x^2-4y^2)

=3(x-2y)(x+2y)

b: 5xy^2-10xyz+5xz^2

=5x(y^2-2yz+z^2)

=5x(y-z)^2

g: (a+b+c)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3

=(a+b+c-a)[(a+b+c)^2+a(a+b+c)+a^2]-(b+c)(b^2-bc+c^2)

=(b+c)[a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc+a^2+ab+ac+a^2-b^2+bc-c^2]

=(b+c)[3a^2+3ab+3bc+3ac]

=3(a+b)(b+c)(a+c)

\(x^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^2=3\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{3}\\x=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^2=5\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{5}\\x=\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=-\sqrt{5}\left(vì.x< 0\right)\)

\(x^2=7\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{7}\\x=\sqrt{7}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=-\sqrt{7}\left(vì.x< 0\right)\)

\(x^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-2\right)^2=2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-\sqrt{2}\\x-2=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2-\sqrt{2}\\x=2+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-4\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-2\\x-2=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-6\right)^2=6\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-6=-\sqrt{6}\\x-6=\sqrt{6}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6-\sqrt{6}\\x=6+\sqrt{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-8\right)^2=8\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-8=-2\sqrt{2}\\x-8=2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8-2\sqrt{2}\\x=2+2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-10\right)^2=10\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-10=-\sqrt{10}\\x-10=\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=10-\sqrt{10}\\x=10+\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)^2=3\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\sqrt{3}=-\sqrt{3}\\x-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x-\sqrt{5}\right)^2=5\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\sqrt{5}=-\sqrt{5}\\x-\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

4) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2x-5}{5}-\dfrac{x+3}{3}=\dfrac{2-3x}{2}-x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(2x-5\right)}{30}-\dfrac{10\left(x+3\right)}{30}=\dfrac{15\left(2-3x\right)}{30}-\dfrac{30\left(x+2\right)}{30}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12x-30-10x-30=30-45x-30x-60\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-22x-60=-75x-30\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-22x+75x=-30+60\)

\(\Leftrightarrow53x=30\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{30}{53}\)

Vậy: \(S=\left\{\dfrac{30}{53}\right\}\)

5) Ta có: \(\dfrac{5x-3}{6}-\dfrac{7x-1}{4}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(5x-3\right)}{12}-\dfrac{3\left(7x-1\right)}{12}=\dfrac{60}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10x-6-21x+3=60\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-11x-3=60\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-11x=63\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{63}{11}\)

Vậy: \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{63}{11}\right\}\)

`9,x^3+x^2-2=0`

`x^3-x^2+2x^2-2=0`

`<=>x^2(x-1)+2(x-1)(x+1)=0`

`<=>(x-1)(x^2+2x+2)=0`

`<=>x=1`

`14,x^2-2x+1=0`

`<=>(x-1)^2=0`

`<=>x-1=0`

`<=>x=1`

`15,x^3+3x^2+3x+1=0`

`<=>(x+1)^3=0`

`<=>x+1=0`

`<=>x=-1`

Bài 6: 

1) Ta có: \(2x\left(x-5\right)-\left(x+3\right)^2=3x-x\left(5-x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-10x-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)=3x-5x+x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-10x-x^2-6x-9-3x+5x-x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-14x-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-14x=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{9}{14}\)

Vậy: \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{9}{14}\right\}\)

`1)2x(x-5)-(x+3)^2=3x-x(5-x)`

`<=>2x^2-10x-x^2-6x-9=3x-5x+x^2`

`<=>x^2-16x-9=x^2-2x`

`<=>14x=-9`

`<=>x=-9/14`

6: \(-x^2y\left(xy^2-\dfrac{1}{2}xy+\dfrac{3}{4}x^2y^2\right)\)

\(=-x^3y^3+\dfrac{1}{2}x^3y^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x^4y^3\)

7: \(\dfrac{2}{3}x^2y\cdot\left(3xy-x^2+y\right)\)

\(=2x^3y^2-\dfrac{2}{3}x^4y+\dfrac{2}{3}x^2y^2\)

8: \(-\dfrac{1}{2}xy\left(4x^3-5xy+2x\right)\)

\(=-2x^4y+\dfrac{5}{2}x^2y^2-x^2y\)

9: \(2x^2\left(x^2+3x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=2x^4+6x^3+x^2\)

10: \(-\dfrac{3}{2}x^4y^2\left(6x^4-\dfrac{10}{9}x^2y^3-y^5\right)\)

\(=-9x^8y^2+\dfrac{5}{3}x^6y^5+\dfrac{3}{2}x^4y^7\)

11: \(\dfrac{2}{3}x^3\left(x+x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x^5\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}x^3+\dfrac{2}{3}x^5-\dfrac{1}{2}x^8\)

12: \(2xy^2\left(xy+3x^2y-\dfrac{2}{3}xy^3\right)=2x^2y^3+6x^3y^3-\dfrac{4}{3}x^2y^5\)

13: \(3x\left(2x^3-\dfrac{1}{3}x^2-4x\right)=6x^4-x^3-12x^2\)

1) Ta có: \(5\left(x-3\right)\left(x-7\right)-\left(5x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)=-8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^2-10x+21\right)-\left(5x^2-10x+x-2\right)=-8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-50x+105-5x^2+9x+2+8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-41x=-115\)

hay \(x=\dfrac{115}{41}\)

2) Ta có: \(x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)-\left(x+4\right)\left(3x-5\right)=84-5x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2+3x+2\right)-\left(3x^2+7x-20\right)=84-5x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+2x-3x^2-7x+20-84+5x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=64\)

hay x=4

3) Ta có: \(\left(9x^2-5\right)\left(x+3\right)-3x^2\left(3x+9\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)-x\left(x-11\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^3+27x^2-5x-15-9x^3-27x^2=x^2-x-20-x^2+11x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5x-15=10x-20\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5x-10x=-20+15\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-5}{-15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)