a: 3x^2-12y^2
=3(x^2-4y^2)
=3(x-2y)(x+2y)
b: 5xy^2-10xyz+5xz^2
=5x(y^2-2yz+z^2)
=5x(y-z)^2
g: (a+b+c)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3
=(a+b+c-a)[(a+b+c)^2+a(a+b+c)+a^2]-(b+c)(b^2-bc+c^2)
=(b+c)[a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc+a^2+ab+ac+a^2-b^2+bc-c^2]
=(b+c)[3a^2+3ab+3bc+3ac]
=3(a+b)(b+c)(a+c)