từ đề bài ta có bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương: 

\(3+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}\)

<=>\(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

ta có \(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z+y}{4x}+\dfrac{x+z}{4y}+\dfrac{x+y}{4z}=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)

<=> (xy)² + (yz)² + (zx)² + 2xyz = (xyz)² 

<=> (xy)² + (yz)² + (xz)² + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)² 

<=> (xy + yz + zx)² = (xyz)² 

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz 

=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)

=> xy + yz + zx = xyz 

<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)

<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)

<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)

<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)

<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1

Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1

Vậy P = 1 

\(\dfrac{x+y-2017z}{z}=\dfrac{y+z-2017x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-2017y}{y}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}-2017=\dfrac{z+y}{x}-2017=\dfrac{z+x}{y}-2017\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\dfrac{z+y}{x}=\dfrac{z+x}{y}\)

đặt x+y+z = t 

=> \(\dfrac{t-z}{z}=\dfrac{t-x}{x}=\dfrac{t-y}{y}< =>\dfrac{t}{z}-1=\dfrac{t}{x}-1=\dfrac{t}{y}-1\) \(< =>\dfrac{t}{z}=\dfrac{t}{y}=\dfrac{t}{x}\)

=> x=y=z 

ta lại có 

\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\)

vì x=y=z  => P = \(\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)

Lời giải:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y-z}\Leftrightarrow \frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x+y-z}=\frac{x+y}{z(x+y-z)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(\frac{1}{xy}-\frac{1}{z(x+y-z)})=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{z(x+y-z)-xy}{xyz(x+y-z)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{(z-x)(y-z)}{xyz(x+y-z)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(z-x)(y-z)=0\)

Xét các TH sau:

TH1: $x+y=0$. TH này loại do ĐKXĐ $x,y>0$
TH2: $z-x=0\Leftrightarrow z=x$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{y}=\frac{2020}{2021}$

\(M=\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{y}}=2\sqrt{\frac{2020}{2021}}\)

TH3: $y-z=0$ tương tự TH2, ta có \(M=2\sqrt{\frac{2020}{2021}}\)

Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:

\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).

Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).

Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).

Đặt \(x=2k;y=5k;z=7k\)

\(P=\dfrac{2k-5k+7k}{2k+10k-7k}=\dfrac{4k}{5k}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

Lời giải:
$2(x+y)=3(y+z)=4(x+z)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{x+y}{6}=\frac{y+z}{4}=\frac{x+z}{3}$ (chia cả 3 vế cho $12$)

Đặt giá trị trên là $t$

$\Rightarrow x+y=6t; y+z=4t; z+x=3t$

$\Rightarrow x+y+z=(6t+4t+3t):2=6,5t$

$x=6,5t-4t=2,5t; y=6,5t-3t=3,5t; z=6,5t-6t=0,5t$. Khi đó:
$P=\frac{2,5t}{3,5t}+\frac{3,5t}{0,5t}+\frac{0,5t}{2,5t}$

$=\frac{2,5}{3,5}+\frac{3,5}{0,5}+\frac{0,5}{2,5}=\frac{277}{35}$