Health promotion and disease prevention programs focus on keeping people healthy. Health promotion programs aim to engage and empower individuals and communities to choose healthy behaviors and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities. Defined by the World Health Organization, health promotion is: "The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions."

Disease prevention differs from health promotion because it focuses on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities. Wellness is related to health promotion and disease prevention. Wellness is described as the attitudes and active decisions made by an individual that contribute to positive health behaviors and outcomes.

Health promotion and disease prevention programs often address social determinants of health, which influence modifiable risk behaviors. Social determinants of health are the economic, social, cultural, and political conditions in which people are born, grow, and live that affect health status. Modifiable risk behaviors include, for example, tobacco use, poor eating habits, and lack of physical activity, which contribute to the development of chronic disease.

1.

The word "empower" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. affect

 C. allow

B. pursue

D.insist

2.

 What does disease prevention focus on?

A. Wide range of social and environmental interventions

B. Specific efforts reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases

C. Attitudes and active decisions made by an individual

D. Positive health behaviors and outcomes

3. The word "that" in paragraph 3 refers to

A. attitudes and active decisions B. wellness

C.health behaviors  D.outcomes

4.According to the last paragraph, modifiable risk behaviors contribute to the development

A. tobacco use B.eating habits

C.physical activity D.chronic disease

5. Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Understanding Health Promotion

C. Defining Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

B. Social Determinants of Health

D. What do you know about disease prevention?

Dùng dạng so sánh hơn hoặc nhất của tính từ trong ngoặc:

1. Ha Noi is ... Ho Chi Minh City. (small)

2. Ho Chi Minh City is ... city in Vietnam. (big)

3. The Eiffel Tower is ... the Pyramid of Cheops. (tall)

4. The Amazon River is ... the Mississippi River. (short)

5. The Nile is ... river in the world. (long)

6. The Mt Everest is ... mountain in the world. (hight)

7. Indonesia is ... Japan in population. (large)

8. Fruit is ... for your health ... candy. (good)

2. Read the text. How many different video games does the writer mention by name? What are they?

(Đọc bài khóa. Có bao nhiêu tên trò chơi điện tử khác nhau mà tác giả nhắc đến? Chúng là gì?)

Could playing video games be good for your health?

Many people assume that video games have a negative effect on young people. A lot of time in front of a screen is bad for the mind and the body, and combat games cause concern because they contain violence. Newspapers often express the same opinion. However, according to a report in American Psychologist, playing video games can be good for children's education, health and social skills. Video games can actually improve certain mental skills. Combat games, for example, teach players to think in three dimensions. This helps children with science, technology, engineering and maths. Other types of video game can have other positive effects. In 2013, research showed that children who play role-playing games get better grades at school than those who don't play them. Other research showed that playing any video game improves children's creativity.

Quick and simple games like Angry Birds can improve players' mood and prevent them from feeling anxious. The report also says that video games teach children how to react well to failure because players continually fail and try again. This makes them emotionally strong in real life. Video games can improve social skills too, the report says. More than 70% of garners play with a friend, and many take part in online games, like Farmville, with millions of other people. The players learn how to lead a group, work together and make decisions. Overall, the report accepts that some video games can have negative effects, but reminds us that they can have benefits too.

Question 21: Jane failed to complete her project. That's why she is not considered for promotion now.


A. If Jane completes the project, she will not be considered for promotion now.


B. If Jane completed the project, she would not be considered for promotion now.


C. If Jane had completed the project, she would not be considered for promotion now.


D. If Jane had completed the project, she would not have been considered for promotion now.

Question 22: The kids didn’t pay attention to the teacher. They failed to understand the lesson.


A. The kids would have understood the lesson if they had paid attention to the teacher.


B. Although the kids paid attention to the teacher, they failed to understand the lesson.

C. The kids would understand the lesson if they failed to pay attention to the teacher.

D. Unless the kids failed to understand the lesson, they would pay attention to the teacher.

Question 23: The firefighters made every effort to put out the fire. The building was still burned down completely.


A. Had it not been for the firefighters’ every effort, the building would have been burned down completely.


B. Making every effort to put out the fire, the firefighters completely burned down the building.

C. The building was burned down completely despite every effort the firefighters made to put out the fire.

D. If the firefighters had made effort to put out the fire, the building wouldn’t have been burned down completely.


III. Select the option to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 24: If I hadn’t played computer games all night yesterday, my eyes wouldn’t be so tired now.

A. My eyes would be so tired now if I hadn’t played too many computer games.

B. My eyes are so tired now because I played computer games all night yesterday.

C. My eyes are not tired now because I didn’t play computer games last night.

D. If I play too many computer games all day, my eyes will be very tired.

Question 25: If our house had a garden, we would have a barbecue party this weekend.

A. We would have had a barbecue party last weekend if we had had a garden.

B. We could have a barbecue party more often at weekends if our house had a bigger garden.

C. We can’t have a barbecue party this weekend because our house doesn’t have a garden.

D. As our house has a big garden, we can have a barbecue party this weekend.

Question 26: If it hadn’t been for the driver’s carelessness, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

A. But for the drivers’ carefulness, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

B. If the driver had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

C. The accident wouldn’t happen if every driver were more careful.

D. Most of the accidents happen because the drivers are very careless.

Question27: I didn’t pass the exam, so I can’t go to university.

A. I wish I had passed the exam, and then I could go to university.

B. If I passed the exam, I could have gone to university.

C. If only I didn’t fail the exam; I’m sure I can go to university now.

D. Supposed that I passed the exam, I could go to university.

Question 28: She couldn’t tell you the truth because she didn’t know it.

A. Had she known the truth, she could have told you.

B. She wishes she had known the truth you told her.

C. If only she could tell you the truth that she knew.

D. Suppose she knew the truth, she would tell you.

Question 29: Jo locked her keys in the car and had to break the window to get in.

A. Jo would have to break the window to get it were she not to lock her keys in the car.

B. If Jo hadn’t locked her keys in the car, she wouldn’t have had to break the window to get in.

C. Should Jo lock her keys in the car, she will have to break the window to get in.

D. If Jo had broken the window to get in the car, she would have found the keys that she locked.

Question 30: Should you see my missing dog, please call me immediately.

A. If you had seen my missing dog, you could have called me.

B. If you see my missing dog, please call me as soon as possible.

C. If you had called me immediately, my dog wouldn’t have been missed.

D. My dog shouldn’t have been missed if I had been called immediately.

Question 31: Were the situation worse, would you call him?

A. Would you call him if the situation were worse?

B. If the situation got better, would you call him?

C. How about giving him a call if the situation is worse?

D. Should you call him if the situation is getting worse?

Question 32: Were it not for you, I would never go out at midnight.

A. If it were for you, I would go out at midnight.

B. If it were not for you, I wouldn’t go out at midnight.

C. Had it not been for you, I wouldn’t go out at midnight.

D. Because of you, I wouldn’t go out at midnight.

Question 33: If the players had been more focused, they would have won the game.

A. Had the players been more focused, they would have won the game.

B. If they won the game, the players would be more focused.

C. They would win the game were the players more focused.

D. Should the players focus more, they will win the game.

Question 34: Although his doctor requested him to stay in bed, he got up suffering an immediate relapse.


A. If only he had stayed in bed as the doctor requested, he would not have suffered a relapse.


B. Although he had tried to stay in bed as requested, he suffered an immediate relapse.

C. Having defied his doctor’s request to get up, he became ill again as soon as he stayed in bed.

D. As he was trying to get up, he remembered that his doctor had requested him to stay in bed.

Question 35: We are planning to have a picnic in the suburbs as long as the weather stays fine.

A. We’re planning to have a picnic in the suburbs despite the bad weather.

B. If the weather had been fine, we would have had a picnic in the suburbs.

C. If the weather is fine, we will have a picnic in the suburbs. 


D. If the suburbs are good enough, we will have a picnic there. 


Question 36: I regret spending too much money on games.

A. I wish I didn’t spend money on games.

B. I hope I won’t have to spend money on games.

C. If only I had not spent too much money on games.

D. I regret having spent too much money on games.

Question 37: If I had known your house address, I wouldn’t have sent it to your office.

A. Provided that I knew your house address, I would send it to your office.

B. Had I known your house address, I would have never sent it to your office.

C. I would send it to your office if I knew the address.

D. When I know your house address, I will send it to you

Question 38: Hanoi suffers alarming air pollution because of the heavy traffic.

A. But for the heavy traffic, the air in Hanoi wouldn’t be alarmingly polluted.

B. Unless Hanoi is alarmingly polluted, the traffic may not be so heavy.

C. Suppose Hanoi were heavily polluted, the traffic would be an alarming problem.

D. If Hanoi were less polluted, the traffic would be much heavier.

Question 39: If you don't stop eating candies, you will put on weight very quickly.

A. Stop eating candies, or you will put on weight very quickly.

B. You will put on weight very quickly though you eat candies.

C. You won't put on weight very quickly if you eat candies.

D. Unless you eat candies, you will put on weight very quickly.

Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following text .

The USDA recommends consuming 2 cups of fruit per day . The healthiest choices are fresh fruits or ( FREEZE ) _____ without added ( SWEET ) ______ . Fruit is ( NATURE ) _____ low in fat , sodium and calories , and rich in potassium , fiber , vitamin C and folate . Some hight - potassium fruits include peaches , cantaloupe , honeydew , oranges and bananas . Fiber in fruit helps to protect against heart disease and ( LOW ) _____ cholesterol . Vitamin C in foods like citrus and strawberries helps with wound ( HEAL ) _____ and keeps gums and teeth ( HEALTH ) _____ .

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