Bài 19  :

\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)

Bài 18 : 

\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)

b)dd B là H₂SO₄ dư

số mol h2so4 là:

n_H2SO4(dư) = 0,1 - 0,02 = 0,08 mol

Nồng độ phần trăm dd B là :

C%_H2SO4 =\(\dfrac{0,08.98}{50+200-4,66}.100\%\)3,2 %

a) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50.19,6}{100.98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{200.17,1}{100.171}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ --> BaSO₄ + 2H₂O

Xét \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => Ba(OH)₂ dư, H₂SO₄ hết

PTHH: Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ --> BaSO₄ + 2H₂O

_______0,1<-----0,1--------->0,1

=> m_BaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 (g) 

b) m_{dd sau pư} = 50 + 200 - 23,3 = 226,7 (g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right).171}{226,7}.100\%=7,543\%\)

\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{99,4}{142}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)

0,7        2,1           1,4 

a, \(m_{H_3PO_4}=1,4.98=137,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_3PO_4}=99,4+500=599,4\left(g\right)\)

Kl nước trong dd A :

\(m_{H_2O}=599,4-137,2=462,2\left(g\right)\)

\(b,C\%_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{137,2}{599,4}.100\%\approx22,89\%\)

\(c,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{1,4}{0,5}=2,8M\)

\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{71.20}{100.142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{100.10,4}{100.208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) => BaCl₂ hết, Na₂SO₄ dư

PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)

            0,05<--------0,05---->0,05------->0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_4}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).142=7,1\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 71 + 100 - 0,05.233 = 159,35(g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(Na_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{7,1}{159,35}.100\%=4,456\%\\C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{5,85}{159,35}.100\%=3,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot9,8\%}{100\%}=29,4\left(g\right)\\m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200\cdot26\%}{100\%}=52\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{52}{208}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}\) nên sau phản ứng \(H_2SO_4\) dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{BaSO_4}=0,25\cdot233=58,25\left(g\right)\)

\(b,n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,5\cdot36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=300+200-58,25=441,75\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{441,75}\cdot100\%\approx4,13\%\)

Cho Ba(OH)₂ vào muối Al sẽ có 2TH sau:

TH1: kết tủa Al(OH)₃ chưa bị hòa tan

Al³⁺ + 3OH^– → Al(OH)₃↓

→ n_Al(OH)3 = n_Al3+ → n_Al(OH)3 = xn + 0,04n

TH2: kết tủa Al(OH)₃ bị hòa tan một phần

Al³⁺                 + 3OH^–                → Al(OH)₃↓

(xn + 0,04n)→ 3(xn + 0,04n)    (xn + 0,04n)

Al(OH)₃                 + OH^–           → AlO₂^– + 2H₂O

0,952 – 3(xn + 0,04n) ←0,952

→ n_Al(OH)3 = 4xn + 0,16n – 0,952