Đáp án A

+   S ơ   đ ồ   p h ả n   ứ n g :         C l 2 O 2 ⏟ 8 , 654     ( g ) +     M g ,     A l           Z n ⏟ 0 , 396     m o l → t 0 o x i t m u ố i ⏟ 23 , 246     ( g ) → V   m l H C l   1 M M g 2 + ,     A l 3 + Z n 2 + ,     C l - ⏟ T → 0 , 572   m o l B a ( O H ) 2 M g ( O H ) 2 ↓ +     P h ả n   ứ n g   c ủ a   T   v ớ i     B a ( O H ) 2 :                   M g + 2 O H - → M g ( O H ) 2                   Z n 2 + + 4 O H - → Z n O 2 2 - + 2 H 2 O                 A l 3 + + 4 O H - → A l O 2 - + 2 H 2 O +     n M g = x n Z n = y n A l = z ⇒ n Y = x + y + z = 0 , 396 m Y = 24 x + 65 y + 27 z = 23 , 246 - 8 , 654 2 x + 4 y + 4 z = n O H - = 1 , 144 ⇒ x = 0 , 22 y = 0 , 12 z = 0 , 056 +     m X = 71 n C l 2 + 32 n O 2 = 8 , 654 B T E :     2 n C l 2 + 4 n O 2 = 0 , 22 . 2 + 0 , 12 . 2 + 0 , 056 . 3 ⇒ n C l 2 = 0 , 034 n O 2 = 0 , 195 +     n H + = 2 n O 2 - = 2 . 2 n O 2 = 0 , 78     m o l ⇒ V H C l     1 M = 0 , 78     l í t = 780     m l

Đáp án A

Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl₂ + H₂

Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl₂ + H₂

Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:

\(m_{hh\left(Mg,Zn\right)}+m_{HCl}=m_{hh\left(ZnCl_2,MgCl_2\right)}+m_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow8,9+m_{HCl}=23,1+0,4\\ m_{HCl}=x=23,5-8,9=14,6\left(g\right)\)

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{\left(Mg,Zn\right)}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=23,1+0,4-8,9=14,6\left(g\right)\)

Bài 1:

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)

Bài 12:

Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:

\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)