Tham khảo:

a) Quặng pirit sắt --t^o--> sắt (III) oxit + khí sunfuro

b) Khí metan + oxi --t^o--> khí cacbonic + hơi nước

c) Glucozo --lên men (30^o - 32^oC)---> rượu etylic + khí cacbonic

d) Kali pemanganat --t^o--> Kali manganat + mangan đioxit + oxi

Đáp án

Đáp án

\(a,PTHH:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{KMnO_4}=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,125=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=0,25.158=39,5\left(g\right)\)

\(c,Theo.PTHH:n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=n_{KMnO_4}=n_{O_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{K_2MnO_4}=n.M=0,125.197=24,625\left(g\right)\\ m_{MnO_2}=n.M=0,125.87=10,875\left(g\right)\\ m_{hh.chất.rắn}=m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=24,625+10,875=35,5\left(g\right)\)

2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

0,25------------0,125------0,125----0,125 mol

n O2=\(\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}\)=0,125 mol

=>m _KMnO4=0,25.158=39,5g

=> m _{chất rắn}=0,125.197+0,125.87=35,5g

Bài 4 :

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

0,4__________________________0,2

\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{63,2}{158}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

Bài 5:

\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\)

0,2_______________0,3__(mol)

\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{24,5}{158}=0,155\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

0,155_________________________0,078__(mol)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,078.22,4=1,75\left(l\right)\)

Vậy khi dùng lượng KMnO4 và KClO3 như nhau thì KClO3 điều chế được nhiều O2 hơn

2KClO3 -> (t°, MnO2) 2KCl + 3O2

2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

Kali clorat nhé

\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+3O_2\)

\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

2KMnO₄-to>K₂MnO₄+MnO₂+O₂

2KClO₃-to>2KCl+3O₂

1.

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{9,8}{122,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{3}{2}n_{KClO3}=\frac{3}{2}.0,08=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\)

2.

\(a,2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(b,n_{O2}=\frac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=2.1,5=3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO4}=3.158=474\left(g\right)\)

3.

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

1____________________________0,5

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\left(1\right)\)

1____________________1,5

Đặt \(n_{KMnO4}=n_{KClO3}=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{O2\left(1\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)

\(V_{O2\left(2\right)}=1,5.22,4=33,6\left(l\right)\)

Vậy nung KClO3 sẽ cho thể tích oxi nhiều hơn.

Đáp án

Câu 3.

a.b.\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2mol\)

\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)

    0,2                                           0,3    ( mol )

\(V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)

c.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)

0,2  <  0,3                        ( mol )

0,2                           0,1    ( mol )

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2g\)

Câu 4.

a.b.

\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1mol\)

\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)

   0,1                                            0,15   ( mol )

\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

c.\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15mol\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_3O_4\)

0,15  < 0,15                       ( mol )

0,15                       0,05        ( mol )

\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6g\)