a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

giup em

a) Cu + 2H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + SO₂↑ + 2H₂O

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

\(n_{SO_2}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{20,8}.100=61,54\%\); \(\%m_{CuO}=38,46\%\)

b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20,8-12,8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.98}{80\%}=61,25\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3.160=48\left(g\right)\)

Bài 5:

mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)

=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)

=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)

PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)

=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)

Bài 6:

nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)

Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)

PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_____a_____a(mol)

2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)

=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)

b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)

a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) m_H2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)

=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)

a, PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{14,8}.100\%\approx72,97\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx27,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14,8-0,4.27}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+n_{MgO}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,7.98=68,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{68,6}{10\%}=686\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 14,8 + 686 - 0,6.2 = 699,6 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{699,6}.100\%\approx9,78\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{699,6}.100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

Chọn D

nH₂SO₄ = nH₂ = 0,15 ⇒  mdd H₂SO₄ = 0,15.98/10% = 147g

Bảo toàn khối lượng  ⇒  mdd Y = 5,2 + 147 – 0,15.2 = 151,9g 

Đáp án D

nH₂SO₄ = nH₂ = 0,15 => mdd H₂SO₄ = 0,15.98/10% = 147g

Bảo toàn khối lượng => mdd Y = 5,2 + 147 – 0,15.2 = 151,9g