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1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có

 \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)

\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)

Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được

\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)

2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)

Dấu"=" khi a = 4b

nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)

nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)

khi đó a + b = 1

mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{x}{x+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}\)

\(\frac{y}{y+1}=1-\frac{y}{y+1}\)

\(\frac{z}{z+4}=1-\frac{4}{z+4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+4}=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{4}{z+4}\right)\)

\(\le\left[3-\left(\frac{4}{x+y+2}+\frac{4}{z+4}\right)\right]\le\left(3-\frac{16}{x+y+z+6}\right)=3-\frac{16}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)

Trước tiên chứng minh:

\(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)(đúng)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge a^4+b^4+a^3b+ab^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)\)

Áp dụng bài toán được

\(P=\frac{x^4+y^4}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{y^3+z^3}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{z^3+x^3}\)

\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+y+z+z+x\right)=x+z+y=2018\)

\(x\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2=z\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\frac{x^3}{z^2+x^2}=x-\frac{z^2x}{z^2+x^2}\ge x-\frac{z^2x}{2zx}=x-\frac{z}{2}\)

\(\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}=y-\frac{yz^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge y-\frac{yz^2}{2yz}=y-\frac{z}{2}\)

\(\frac{x^2+y^2+4}{x+y}=\frac{z\left(x+y\right)+4}{x+y}=z-x-y+\frac{4}{x+y}+x+y\ge z-x-y+4\)

Cộng lại ra minP=4, dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)