a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

Lập hệ phương trình ( Al là x , Mg là y )

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=15\\27x=\dfrac{36}{100}.15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

0,2                                    0,3

2Mg + 4HCl ---> 2MgCl2 + 2H2

0,4                                   0,4

\(\Sigma n_{H2\uparrow}=0,3+0,4=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H2\uparrow}=0,7.22,4=15,68\left(l\right)\)

1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%

nH2=13,44/22,4=0,6(mol)

Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)

1) PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2

a__________a________a_____a(mol)

2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

b___1,5b______0,5b____1,5b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=12,6\\a+1,5b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,3.24=7,2(g)

=>%mMg= (7,2/12,6).100=57,143%

=>%mAl=42,857%

2) mMgSO4=120.a=120.0,3=36(g)

mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,5b=342.0,5.0,2= 34,2(g)

mH2SO4= (0,3+0,2.1,5).98=58,8(g)

=>mddH2SO4=58,8: 14,7%=400(g)

=>mddsau= 12,6+400 - 2.0,6= 411,4(g)

=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/411,4).100=8,313%

C%ddMgSO4=(36/411,4).100=8,751%

PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MG}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100\%\approx57,1\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx42,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{14,7\%}=400\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 12,6 + 400 - 0,6.2 = 411,4 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.120}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,75\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

Đáp án C

8 Al + 3 Fe 3 O 4 → t o 4 Al 2 O 3 + 9 Fe

Vì phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn và hòa tan A vào dung dịch NaOH thu được khí nên A gồm Fe, A1₂O₃ và Al dư.