a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)

Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)

Xét thương:

 \(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$

$Zn + 4HNO_3 \to Zn(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$

$Al + 6HNO_3 \to Al(NO_3)_3 + 3NO_2 + 3H_2O$

b)

n H2 = 10,08/22,4 = 0,45(mol)

n NO2 = 20,16/22,4 = 0,9(mol)

Gọi n Zn = a(mol) ; n Al = b(mol)

Ta có : 

a + 1,5b = 0,45

2a + 3b = 0,9

Suy ra : vô số nghiệm (a ;b) thỏa mãn

a)

$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$

$Cu + 4HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$

n H2 = 16,8/22,4 = 0,75(mol)

Theo PTHH : 

n Al = 2/3 n H2 = 0,5(mol)

n NO2 = 44,8/22,4 = 2(mol)

Theo PTHH : 

n Cu = 1/2 n NO2 = 1(mol)

Suy ra : 

m = 0,5.27 + 1.64 = 77,5(gam)

TH2 : Nếu axit HNO3 đã dùng là axit đặc nóng

$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$Cu + 4HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$

$Al + 6HNO_3 \to Al(NO_3)_3 + 3NO_2 + 3H_2O$

n H2 = 16,8/22,4 = 0,75(mol)

n NO2 = 44,8/22,4 = 2(mol)

Theo PTHH : 

n Al = 2/3 n H2 = 0,75.2/3 = 0,5(mol)

n NO2 = 2n Cu + 3n Al = 2n Cu + 0,5.3 = 2(mol)

=> n Cu = 0,25(mol)

Suy ra : 

m = 0,5.27 + 0,25.64 = 29,5 gam

Đặt \(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=2a\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(56a+27\cdot2a=11\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=0,1\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}=2n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)

Câu 1: 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

 a           a                a           a

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 2b          3b               b                 3b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)

\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)

\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)

Câu 2:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

a            a              a             a

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b           b                 b         b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)

\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)

Câu 3: 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)

\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)

a           a              a             a

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

b          b                 b             b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)

\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)

Câu 1:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+56y=0,83(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025(mol)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,025(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,01(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%=32,53\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=100\%-32,53\%=67,47\%\)

Câu 2:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+24y=4,5(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,225(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,075(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{4,5}.100\%=60\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-60\%=40\%\)

Dạng PP hai dòng:

\(PTHH:2A+Cl_2\to 2ACl\\ \Rightarrow n_A=n_{ACl}\\ \Rightarrow \dfrac{9,2}{M_A}=\dfrac{23,4}{M_A+35,5}\\ \Rightarrow M_A=23(g/mol)\)

Vậy A là natri

Td với H₂SO₄:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,9748}{24,79}=0,12mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,12.2}{3}=0,08mol\)

Td với HNO₃:

\(n_{Al}=a=0,08mol\\ n_{Cu}=b\)

Khí hoá nâu trong không khí → NO

\(n_{NO}=\dfrac{3,664}{24,79}=0,16mol\\ 3Cu+8HNO_3\rightarrow3Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO+4H_2O\\ Al+4HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=0,16\\ \Leftrightarrow0,08+\dfrac{2}{3}b=0,16\\ \Leftrightarrow b=0,12mol\\ \Rightarrow m=0,08.27+0,12.64=9,84g\)