a)  là điểm trên cạnh  mà: ⇒BICI+BI=23+2⇒BIBC=25⇒BICI+BI=23+2⇒BIBC=25

IC=35BCIC=35BC

 là điểm trên  kéo dài: ⇒JBJC−JB=25−2⇒JBBC=23⇒JBJC−JB=25−2⇒JBBC=23

BC=35JCBC=35JC

→AB=→AI+→IBAB→=AI→+IB→

=→AI−25.32→JB=AI→−25.32JB→

=→AI−35(→JA+→AB)=AI→−35(JA→+AB→)

⇒→AB+35→AB=→AI+35→AJ⇒AB→+35AB→=AI→+35AJ→

=→AI+35→BC=AI→+35BC→

=→AI+925(→JA+→AC)=AI→+925(JA→+AC→)

⇒→AC=2516→AI−916→AJ⇒AC→=2516AI→−916AJ→

→AC=2516→AI−916→AJAC→=2516AI→−916AJ→

Trừ vế với vế ta có:

⇒→AJ=53→AB−23→AC

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\overrightarrow{CI}=-3\overrightarrow{BI}\\5\overrightarrow{JB}=2\overrightarrow{JC}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\overrightarrow{CB}+2\overrightarrow{BI}=-3\overrightarrow{BI}\\5\overrightarrow{JB}=2\overrightarrow{JB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{BI}=-\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\\\overrightarrow{JB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\\\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{5}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{7}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\\\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}=5\overrightarrow{AI}\\5\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}=3\overrightarrow{AJ}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{5}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}-\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AJ}\\\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{25}{4}\overrightarrow{AI}-\frac{21}{4}\overrightarrow{AJ}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{5}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}-\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AJ}+\frac{25}{4}\overrightarrow{AI}-\frac{21}{4}\overrightarrow{AJ}\right)=...\)

\(5\overrightarrow{JB}=2\overrightarrow{JC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=2\overrightarrow{JB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{JB}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BJ}=2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}=3\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(3\overrightarrow{BI}=2\overrightarrow{IC}\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{BI}=2\overrightarrow{IB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BI}=\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(5\overrightarrow{JB}=2\overrightarrow{JC}\Leftrightarrow5\overrightarrow{JB}=2\overrightarrow{JB}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{JB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

a: CI+BI=CB

=>\(\dfrac{3}{2}BI+BI=CB\)

=>\(\dfrac{5}{2}BI=CB\)

=>\(BI=\dfrac{2}{5}BC\)

=>\(CI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot BI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}CB=\dfrac{3}{5}CB\)

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

JB=2/5JC mà J không nằm trong đoạn thẳng BC

nên B nằm giữa J và C

=>JB+BC=JC

=>\(BC+\dfrac{2}{5}JC=JC\)

=>\(BC=\dfrac{3}{5}JC\)

\(\dfrac{JB}{BC}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5}JC}{\dfrac{3}{5}JC}=\dfrac{2}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(JB=\dfrac{2}{3}BC\)

\(\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

b:

Gọi giao điểm của AG với BC là M

G là trọng tâm của ΔABC

nên AG cắt BC tại trung điểm M của BC

=>\(AG=\dfrac{2}{3}AM\)

Xét ΔABC có AM là trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Đặt \(\overrightarrow{AG}=x\cdot\overrightarrow{AI}+y\cdot\overrightarrow{AJ}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{3}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Ta có hệ phương trình sau:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x+25y=5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}18x+50y=10\\18x-30y=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80y=-5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\6x=10y+5=-\dfrac{5}{8}+5=\dfrac{35}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\x=\dfrac{35}{48}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{35}{48}\overrightarrow{AI}-\dfrac{1}{16}\overrightarrow{AJ}\)