Đáp án D

pH =1 => [H+] = 0,1 => n H +  = 01.01 = 0,01 mol.

n O H -  = 0,1a

pH =12 => [H+] = 10^-12 => [OH-] =10^-2 => n O H -  dư = 0,01.(0,1+0,1) = 0,002 mol

=> 0,1a - 0,01 = 0,002 => a = 0,12.

\(n_{NaOH}=0,1.0,01=0,001(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{OH^{-}}=0,001(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=0,03.0,2=0,006(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^{+}}=0,006(mol)\\ H^{+}+OH^{-}\to H_2O\\ 0,001<0,006\\ OH^{-} hêt; H^{+} dư\\ n_{H^{+}}=0,006-0,001=0,005(mol)\\ [H^{+}]=\frac{0,005}{0,1+0,2}=\frac{1}{60}M\\ \to pH=-log(\frac{1}{60})=1,77 \)

\(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,002=0,0002\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=0,003.0,1=0,0003\left(mol\right)\\ NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,0003}{1}>\dfrac{0,0002}{1}\Rightarrow NaOHdư\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left[\dfrac{0,0001}{0,1+0,1}\right]=10,69897\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

Vì dung dịch sau phản ứng pH=12

=> OH^- dư

=> \(pOH=14-12=2\)

=> \(\left[OH^-_{dư}\right]=10^{-2}M\)

=> \(n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=10^{-2}.0,2=2.10^{-3}\)

Đề thiếu nên không tính được CM của NaOH ban đầu 

\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Lập tỉ lệ : 

\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)

\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)

\(b.\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.001..........0.002\)

\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)

a) ta có : n hcl = 0.03*0.1 =3*10^-3 (mol) => n h+ =3*10^-3 (mol)

n naoh =0.01*0.1=10^-3 (mol) => n oh- =10^-3 (mol)

=> nh+ dư

nồng dộ mol của h+ = 2*10^-3 /0.2 =0.01 (M)

ph của dd A = -log (0.01) =2

b) ta có : ba(oh)2 --> ba2+ +2oh-

để trung hòa với dd A thì n h+ = 2noh-

=>n oh- = 2*10^-3/2 =10^-3 (mol)

v dd ba(oh)2 = 10^-3 /1 =10^-3 (mol)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,03.0,1=0,003\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,01.0,01=0,0001\left(mol\right)\\ NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,0001}{1}< \dfrac{0,003}{1}\\ \Rightarrow NaOHdư\\ n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,003-0,0001=0,0029\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\left(dư\right)\right]=\left[NaOH_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{0,0029}{0,01+0,1}=\dfrac{29}{1100}\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[\dfrac{29}{1100}\right]\approx12,421\)

\(n_{H^+}=\left[H^+\right].V=10^{-1}.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-}=0,1a\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=\left[OH^-\right].V=10^{-2}.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,002\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: 

\(n_{OH^-}-n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=n_{H^+}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,1a-0,002=0,01\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,12\)

\([H^{+}]=0,1M\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^{+}}=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)\\ pH=12 \to pOH=14-12=2\\ \Rightarrow [OH^{-}]=0,01\\ \Rightarrow n_{OH^{-}}=0,002(mol)\\ H^{+} +OH^{-} \to H_2O\\ n_{NaOH}=0,01+0,002=0,012(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a=0,12M\)