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a, \(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sum n_{H^+}=0,02+0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,06__0,06 (mol)

⇒ n_OH^- dư = 0,12 - 0,06 = 0,06 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{0,1+0,3}=0,3\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,1+0,3}=0,15\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, pH = 14 - (-log[OH^-]) ≃ 13,176

a, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H^+}=0,02+0,06=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)=n_{Ba^{2+}}\) 

\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,03___0,03 (mol) ⇒ n_H⁺ dư = 0,05 (mol)

\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)

0,015___0,015______0,015 (mol) ⇒ n_SO4^2- dư = 0,015 (mol)

⇒ m = m_BaSO4 = 0,015.233 = 3,495 (g)

\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2+0,3}=0,04\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2+0,3}=0,1\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,2+0,3}=0,03\left(M\right)\)

b, pH = -log[H⁺] = 1

Đáp án A

Gọi nồng độ ban đầu của H₂SO₄ là xM

n_H+ = 0,5.x.2 = x mol

[H⁺] = x/3 = 10^-3 suy ra x = 3.10^-3M

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)

\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)

\(b.\)

\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)

\(c.\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

\(0.02........0.02\)

\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)

\(a.\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)

\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[OH^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)

\(b.\)

\(pH=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)

\(c.\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

\(0.02.......0.02\)

\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1\cdot0,1=n_{KOH}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=n_{K^+}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=13\)

c) PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)

Theo PT ion: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01}{1}=0,01\left(l\right)=10\left(ml\right)\)

2.      Tính nồng độ mol/l của các dung dịch:

a)        Dung dịch H₂SO₄ có pH = 4.

 \(pH=4\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-4}M\)

=> \(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left[H^+\right]}{2}=\dfrac{10^{-4}}{2}=5.10^{-5M}\)

b)        Dung dịch KOH có pH = 11.

\(pH=11\Rightarrow pOH=14-11=3\)

=> \(\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-3}=CM_{KOH}\)

3.      Pha loãng 200ml dung dịch Ba(OH)₂ với 1,3 lít nước thu được dung dịch có pH = 12. Tính nồng độ mol/l của dung dịch Ba(OH)₂ ban đầu, biết rằng Ba(OH)₂ phân ly hoàn toàn.     

Đặt CM Ba(OH)2 = xM

=> \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2x\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{sau}=V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+V_{H_2O}=0,2+1,3=1,5\left(l\right)\)

pH=12 => pOH=2 => \(\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-2}M\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba^{2+}+2OH^-\)

0,2x----------------------------->0,4x

=> \(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,4x}{1,5}=10^{-2}\)

=> x=0,0375M

Vậy  nồng độ mol/l của dung dịch Ba(OH)₂ ban đầu là 0,0375M

1.      Tính pH của 100ml dung dịch X có hòa tan 2,24 lít khí HCl (đktc)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H^+}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\Rightarrow pH=0\)

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