+) Ta có: a 3 + b 3 = a + b 3 - 3 a b a + b

Thật vậy, VP = a + b 3  – 3ab (a + b)

= a 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3 a b 2 + b 3 - 3 a 2 b - 3 a b 2

= a 3 + b 3  = VT

Nên  a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = a + b 3 - 3 a b a + b + c 3  (1)

Ta có: a + b + c = 0 ⇒ a + b = - c (2)

Thay (2) vào (1) ta có:

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = - c 3 - 3 a b - c + c 3 = - c 3 + 3 a b c + c 3 = 3 a b c

Vế trái bằng vế phải nên đẳng thức được chứng minh.

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc>=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc>=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)>=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac>=0\)(vì a+b+c>0)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)

\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)

Vì \(a,b,c>0\Leftrightarrow a+b+c>0\)

Lại có \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

Nhân vế theo vế ta được đpcm

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

(vì a+b+c>0)

(luôn đúng)

a³+b³+c³= (a+b)³-3ab(a+b)+c³
Thay a+b=-c vào, ta được: 
a³ + b³ +c³ = (-c)³ -3ab(-c) +c³ = 3abc (đpcm)

Ta có: a + b + c = 0

⇒ a + b = -c ⇒ (a + b)3 = (-c)3

⇒ a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = -c3 ⇒ a3 + b3 + 3ab(-c) + c3 = 0

⇒ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ac\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\), mà a,b,c đôi một khác nhau => Đẳng thức không xảy ra\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2>ab+ac+bc\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc>0\)

Ta có: ​\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)​\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)( do (1))

a: Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

a )

`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`

     `=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2`

     `=a^3+b^3 =VT (đpcm)`

b) 

b) Ta có

a) Ta có:

`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`

     `=a^3 + b^3+3ab ( a + b )- 3ab ( a + b )`

     `=a^3 + b^3=VT(dpcm)`

b) Ta có

Bài 1: 

$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$

$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$

$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$

Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$

Áp dụng vào bài:

Nếu $a+b+c=0$

$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$

Nếu $a=b=c$

$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$