Ta có : \(\frac{a}{1+9b^2}=\frac{a+9ab^2-9ab^2}{1+9b^2}=a-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\ge a-\frac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\frac{3ab}{2}\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{1+9c^2}\ge b-\frac{3bc}{2}\); \(\frac{c}{1+9a^2}\ge c-\frac{3ac}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\ge a+b+c-\frac{3ab+3bc+3ac}{2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{3.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Ta có: \(Q=\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{9a^2}=\frac{a+9ab^2-9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b+9bc^2-9bc^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{c+9ca^2-9ca^2}{1+9c^2}\)

\(=1-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+b-\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+c-\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}=1-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\le\frac{9ab^2}{2\sqrt{1\cdot9b^2}}=\frac{9ab^2}{2\cdot3b}=\frac{3ab}{2}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}\le\frac{3ab}{2}\\\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\le\frac{3ab}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ac^2}{1+9a^2}\le\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(Q=1-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\right)\ge1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Vậy \(Min_P=\frac{1}{2}\)đạt được khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\frac{a}{9b^2+1}=\frac{a\left(9b^2+1\right)-9ab^2}{9b^2+1}=a-\frac{9ab^2}{9b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{9ab^2}{2\sqrt{9b^2.1}}=\)

\(=a-\frac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\frac{3ab}{2}\)

Tương tự với các biểu thức còn lại, kết hợp với 

\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

là được đáp án.

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky :

\(\left(9a^3+3b^2+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow9a^3+3b^2+c\ge\frac{1}{\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{9a^3+3b^2+c}\le a\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)\)

Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức khác và cộng theo vế :
\(P\le\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{a+b+c}{3}+\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(P\le\frac{2}{3}+ab+bc+ac\)

Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM - GM :

\(ab+bc+ac\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}=1\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\)

Vậy GTLN của P là 1 khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(VT=\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{1+9a^2}\)

\(VT=a-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+b-\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+c-\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\)

\(VT\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{6b}+\frac{9bc^2}{6c}+\frac{9ca^2}{6a}\right)\)

\(VT\ge1-\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(VT\ge1-\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta có: \(\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{1+9a^2}=\left(a-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\right)+\left(b-\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}\right)+\left(c-\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a-\frac{9ab^2}{6b}\right)+\left(b-\frac{9bc^2}{6c}\right)+\left(c-\frac{9ca^2}{6a}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = ¹/₃

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(9a^3+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{9a^3\cdot\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{3}}=3a\)

\(3b^2+\frac{1}{3}\ge2\sqrt{3b^2\cdot\frac{1}{3}}=2b\)

Do đó: \(A\le\text{∑}\frac{a}{3a+2b+c-1}=\frac{a}{2a+b}\left(a+b+c=1\right)\)

\(2A\le\text{∑}\frac{2a}{2a+b}=3-\text{∑}\frac{b}{2a+b}=3-\text{∑}\frac{b^2}{2ab+b^2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(2A\le3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}\)

\(=3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\Leftrightarrow A\le1\)

Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1+a}{1+9b^2}=a+1-\frac{9b^2\left(a+1\right)}{1+9b^2}\ge a+1-\frac{9b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2\sqrt{9b^2}}=a+1-\frac{3b\left(a+1\right)}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1+b}{1+9c^2}\ge b+1-\frac{3c\left(1+b\right)}{2}\) ; \(\frac{1+c}{1+9a^2}\ge c+1-\frac{3a\left(c+1\right)}{2}\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(Q\ge4-\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)=\frac{5}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(Q\ge\frac{5}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)