a. 3x² - 4y² = 18

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2=18+4y^2\\4y^2=-\left(3x^2-18\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{\dfrac{18+4y^2}{3}}\\y=\sqrt{\dfrac{-3x^2+18}{4}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, c, d tương tự nhé

b. 19x² + 28y² = 2001

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x^2=2001-28y^2\\28y^2=2001-19x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{\dfrac{2001-28y^2}{19}}\\y=\sqrt{\dfrac{2001-19x^2}{28}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c. x² = 2y² - 8y + 3

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2y^2-8y+3}\\8y=2y^2+3-x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2y^2-8y+3}\\y=\dfrac{2y^2+3-x^2}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d. x² + y² - 4x + 4y = 1

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1-y^2+4x-4y\\y^2=1-x^2+4x-4y\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{1-y^2+4x-4y}\\y=\sqrt{1-x^2+4x-4y}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(x^2+y^2-4x+4y=1\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=8\)

\(\Rightarrow8=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge\left(x-2\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2\le8\)

Mà \(\left(x-2\right)^2\) là SCP và là số chẵn nên \(\left(x-2\right)^2\in\left\{0;4\right\}\)

Th1: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow\left(y+2\right)^2=8\left(vôlí\right)\)

Th2: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left(y+2\right)^2=4\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-2\\y+2=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-2\\y+2=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=2\\y+2=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=2\\y+2=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-4\right);\left(0;0\right);\left(4;-4\right);\left(4;0\right)\right\}\)

Lời giải:

a.

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x+3)^2=2016^{2020}-17^{91}+9$

Ta thấy: $2016^{2020}-17^{91}+9\equiv 0-(-1)^{91}+0\equiv -1\equiv 2\pmod 3$

Mà 1 scp thì chia $3$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên pt vô nghiệm.

b.

$x^2=2016(y-1)^2-2017^{2019}\equiv 0-1^{2019}\equiv 3\pmod 4$
Mà 1 scp chia $4$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý.

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

c.

$(x-1)^2=2017^{2017}+1\equiv 1^{2017}+1\equiv 2\pmod 4$
Mà 1 scp khi chia cho $4$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d.

$(x+2)^2=2018^{10}+4\equiv (-1)^{10}+1\equiv 2\pmod 3$

Mà 1 scp khi chia $3$ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

\(a)2xy+4y-x=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2xy+4y\right)-x=3+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y\left(x+2\right)-x-2=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y\left(x+2\right)-\left(x+2\right)=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(2y-1\right)=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right);\left(2y-1\right)\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)

Xét từng trường hợp :

Vậy

\(2x+y=xy-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy-2x-y=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-2x\right)-y=-2+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-2\right)-y+2=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-2\right)-\left(y-2\right)=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-2\right)\left(x-1\right)=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(y-2\right);\left(x-1\right)\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)

Xét các trường hợp như câu trên và kết luận

\(2xy+4y-x=5\)

\(\Rightarrow2y\left(x+2\right)-\left(x+2\right)=5-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(2y-1\right)=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right);\left(2y-1\right)\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)

Ta xét bảng 

Vậy.......................................................

\(2x+y=xy-3\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+y-xy=3\)

\(2x-2+y\left(x-1\right)=3-2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)+y\left(x-1\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2+y\right)\left(x-1\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right);\left(2+y\right)\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{\pm1\right\}\)

Xét bảng 

Vậy..........................

Điều kiện: xy > 0

2 x 2 + y 2 + 2 x y = 16 x + y + 2 x y = 16 ⇔ 2 x 2 + y 2 = x + y ⇔ ( x – y ) 2   = 0 ⇔ x = y

Thay x = y vào x + y + x y = 16 ta được

2x + 2|x| = 16 ⇔ x + |x| = 8 ⇒ x = 4 ⇒ y = x = 4

Vậy hệ có một cặp nghiệm duy nhất (x; y) = (4; 4)

Khi đó  x y = 4 4 = 1

Đáp án:D

\(x^2+3y^2+2xy-18\left(x+y\right)=73\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3y^2+2xy-18x-18y-73=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\left(9-y\right)x+3y^2-18y-73=0\)

\(\Delta'=\left(9-y\right)^2-\left(3y^2-18y-73\right)\)

\(=81-18y+y^2-3y^2+18y+73\)

\(=-2y^2+154\)

\(=-2\left(y^2-77\right)\)

Phương trình có nghiệm khi \(\)

\(\Delta'\ge0\Leftrightarrow-2\left(y^2-77\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2-77\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\le77\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt[]{77}\le y\le\sqrt[]{77}\)

Phương trình có 2 nghiệm là 

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=9-y+\sqrt[]{-2\left(y^2-77\right)}\\x_2=9-y-\sqrt[]{-2\left(y^2-77\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(-\sqrt[]{77}\le y\le\sqrt[]{77}\right)\)