\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)

Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath

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Lời giải:

Ta thấy:
$(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=ad(c^2+b^2)+bc(a^2+d^2)$

$=(ad+bc)t$

Mà: 

$2(t-ab-cd)=(a-b)^2+(c-d)^2>0$ nên $t> ab+cd$

Tương tự: $t> ac+bd$

Kết hợp $(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=(ad+bc)t$ nên:

$ab+cd> ad+bc, ac+bd> ad+bc$

Nếu $ab+cd, ac+bd$ đều thuộc $P$. Do $ad+bc$ là ước của $ab+cd$ hoặc $ac+bd$. Điều này vô lý 

Do đó ta có đpcm.

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{-b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=1\)

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{1}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=\dfrac{1}{27}\)

Thay \(a=-\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(a+c=-b\) và \(a+b=-c\) vào điều kiện thứ 2 ta có 

\(\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(-b+1\right)\left(-c-1\right)\)

 <=> \(b^2+c^2+2bc=2bc+2b-2c-2\)

<=> \(\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

suy ra: a=0. Vậy A = a² + b² + c² = 2

Ai giúp gấp nhé:D

Ta có : a² + b² = c² + d²

a² + b² + c² + d² = 2 ( a² + b² ) ⋮2 nên là hợp số

Ta có : a² + b² + c² + d² - ( a + b + c + d ) 

= a ( a - 1 ) + b ( b - 1 ) + c ( c - 1 ) + d ( d - 1 ) ⋮2

a + b + c + d ⋮2 nên cũng là hợp số

Ta có: \(a^2+b^2=c^2+d^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\) là chẵn

Xét hiệu: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2-a-b-c-d=a\left(a-1\right)+b\left(b-1\right)+c\left(c-1\right)+d\left(d-1\right)\)

Mà tích 2 số TN liên tiếp là chẵn

⇒ Tổng a+b+c+d là chẵn

Vì \(a+b+c+d>2\) với mọi số TN a,b,c,d khác 0

⇒ a+b+c+d là hợp số

\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)

\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)

Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)