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20=890=869=9986=8676=855=648

\(M=\sqrt{a^2+2ab+b^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+2bc+c^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+2ca+a^2+a^2}\)

\(M=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+b^2}+\sqrt{\left(b^{ }+c\right)^2+c^2}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2+a^2}\)

\(M\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left[2\left(a+b+c\right)\right]^2+3^2}\ge\sqrt{6^2+3^2}\ge3\sqrt{5}\)

\(dấu\)\("="xảy\) \(ra\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Cách khác:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$5(a^2+2ab+2b^2)=[(a+b)^2+b^2](2^2+1^2)\geq [2(a+b)+b]^2$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{5(a^2+2ab+b^2)}\geq 2a+3b$

Tương tự với các căn thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:

$M\sqrt{5}\geq 5(a+b+c)$

$\Leftrightarrow M\geq \sqrt{5}(a+b+c)=3\sqrt{5}$

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$

Ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=4a^2+2ab+b^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge4a^2+2ab+b^2+2ab=\left(2a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)

Tương tự cộng lại ta có: \(VT\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\le3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

1.

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

b.

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(A=\sqrt{2b\left(a+1\right)}+\sqrt{2c\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{2a\left(c+1\right)}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4b\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4c\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4a\left(c+1\right)}\)

\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4b+a+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4c+b+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4a+c+1\right)\)

\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[5\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]=2\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)