\(A=x^2+4x+5=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

\(B=x^2+10x-1=\left(x+5\right)^2-26\ge-26\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-5\)

\(C=5-4x+4x^2=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(D=x^2+y^2-2x+6y-3=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2-13\ge-13\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(E=2x^2+y^2+2xy+2x+3=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-y=-1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=x^2+4x+5\)

\(=x^2+4x+4+1\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2

\(C=4x^2-4x+5\)

\(=4x^2-4x+1+4\)

\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a/ \(M=x^2+y^2-x+6y+10=\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+10-\frac{1}{4}-9\)

\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Suy ra Min M = 3/4 <=> (x;y) = (1/2;-3)

b/

1/ \(A=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)

Suy ra Min A = 7 <=> x = 2

2/ \(B=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\le\frac{1}{4}\)

Suy ra Min B = 1/4 <=> x = 1/2

3/ \(N=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)-5+\frac{1}{2}=-2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{2}\)

\(\ge-\frac{9}{2}\)

Suy ra Min N = -9/2 <=> x = 1/2

\(P=x^2-4x+4+y^2-6y+9-8\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2-8\ge-8\)

vậy GTNN của P là -8 khi \(x=2;y=3\)

\(4x-x^2-12=-x^2+4x-4-8=-\left(x-4x+4\right)-8=-\left(x-2\right)^2-8\le8\)

=> GTLN của đa thức là 8

<=> x-2 = 0

<=> x = 2

\(x^2+y^2-x+6y+15\)

\(=x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+y^2+2.y.3+9+\frac{23}{4}\)

\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\frac{23}{4}\ge\frac{23}{4}\)

=> GTNN của đa thức là 23/4

<=> x-1/2=0 và y+3=0

<=> x=1/2 và y=-3

\(A=x^2+y^2+4x-6y+25\)

\(=x^2+4x+4+y^2-6y+9+12\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+12\ge12\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}x+2=0\\ y-3=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-2\\ y=3\end{cases}\)

A=x2+y2+4x−6y+25

\(= x^{2} + 4 x + 4 + y^{2} - 6 y + 9 + 12\)

\(= \left(\left(\right. x + 2 \left.\right)\right)^{2} + \left(\left(\right. y - 3 \left.\right)\right)^{2} + 12 \geq 12 \forall x , y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left{\right. x + 2 = 0 \\ y - 3 = 0 \Rightarrow \left{\right. x = - 2 \\ y = 3\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:  \(\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{6}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\right)\left(\left(2x\right)^2+\left(y\sqrt{6}\right)^2+\left(z\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right)\ge\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{2}.2x+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}.y\sqrt{6}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.z\sqrt{3}\right)^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(4x^2+6y^2+3z^2\right)\ge9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{4}A\ge9\Leftrightarrow A\ge12\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x=6y=3z\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=\frac{2}{3},z=\frac{4}{3}}\)

Áp dụng bđt svacxo: \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3^2}{y_3}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2}{y_1+y_2+y_3}\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\frac{x_1}{y_1}=\frac{x_2}{y_2}=\frac{x_3}{y_3}\))

CM bđt đúng: Áp dụng bđt buniacopski

\(\left[\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}\right)+\left(\frac{x_3}{\sqrt{y_3}}\right)\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{y_1}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y_2}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2\right]\)

\(\ge\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}+\sqrt{y_1}+\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}+\frac{x_3}{\sqrt{y_3}}+\sqrt{y_2}+\frac{x_3}{y_3}\right)^2\)

<=> \(\left(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3}{y_3}\right)\left(y_1+y_2+y_3\right)\) \(\ge\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2\)

Áp dụng bđt vaofA, ta có:

A = \(4x^2+6y^2+3z^2=\frac{x^2}{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{y^2}{\frac{1}{6}}+\frac{z_2}{\frac{1}{3}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{9}{\frac{3}{4}}=12\)

 Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{y}{\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{z}{\frac{1}{3}}\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=\frac{2}{3}\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)

Vậy MinA = 12 <=> x = 1; y = 2/3; z = 4/3

M = x ^2 - x + 1/4 + y ^2 + 6y + 9 + 3/4

M =( x - 1/4 ) ^2 + ( y + 3 ) ^2 + 3/4

M > = 3/4 với mọi x; y

Dấu bằng <=> x = 1/4 và y = -3

Vậy GTNN của M bằng 3/4 <=> x = 1/4; y = 3

M=x^2-x+1/4+y^2+6y+9+3/4

M=(x-1/4)^2+(y+3)^2+3/4

M >= 3/4 với mọi x; y

Dấu bằng <=> x = 1/4 và y = -3

Vậy GTNN của M bằng 3/4 <=> x = 1/4; y = 3

Câu b mình viết nhầm dấu \(\ge\)đáng lẽ đúng phải là \(\le\)

a)

\(A=x^2+y^2-x+6y+10.\)

\(=\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy \(MinA=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y+3\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{cases}}}\)

b)

\(B=2x-2x^2-5\)

\(=-2\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+2.\frac{1}{4}-5\)

\(=-2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{2}\ge-\frac{9}{2}\)

Vậy \(MaxB=-\frac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)

a) x² + y² - x + 6y + 10 = (x² - x + 1/4) + (y² + 6y + 9) + 3/4

=(x - 1/2)² + (y + 3)² + 3/4 \(\ge\)3/4

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (x - 1/2)² = 0 và (y + 3)² = 0   <=> x = 1/2 ; y = -3

Vậy GTNN của bt đã cho là 3/4 khi x = 1/2 và y = -3

b) A = 2x - 2x² - 5

<=> 2A = 2(2x -  2x² - 5)

<=> 2A = -4x² + 4x - 5

<=> 2A = -(4x² - 4x + 1) - 4

<=> 2A = -(2x - 1)² - 4\(\le\)-4

<=> A \(\le\)-2

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>: (2x - 1)² = 0   <=> x = 1/2

Vậy GT LN của bt đã cho là -2 khi và chỉ khi x = 1/2

\(A=x^2+y^2+xy-6x-6y+2\)

\(\Rightarrow4A=4x^2+4y^2+4xy-24x-24y+8\)

           \(=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+3y^2-24x-24y+8\)

            \(=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2-12\left(2x+y\right)+36\right]+3y^2-12y-28\)

           \(=\left(2x+y-6\right)^2+3\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-40\)

            \(=\left(2x+y-6\right)^2+3\left(y-2\right)^2-40\ge-40\)

\(\Rightarrow4A\ge-40\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge-10\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y-6=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x=6-y\\y=2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=2\end{cases}}}\)

Vậy \(A_{min}=-10\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)

P/S: cách giải trên gọi là cách chung riêng !

C= ( 2x+y)^2 + 2(2x+y) + 1 + y^2 + 4y +4 + 12

C= (2x+y+1)^2 +( y+2)^2 + 12

Từ đó suy ra min C là 12 khi y = -2; x= 1/2