2KClO3-to>2KCl+3O2

0,06-----------------0,09  mol

n O2=2,016\22,4=0,09 mol

=>H =0,06.122,5\12,25 .100=60%

\(n_{O_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{2,016}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,09}{0,15}.100=60\%\)

2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

1,2-------------------------------------0,6 mol

n O2=13,44\22,4=0,6 mol

H =75%

=>m KMnO4 tt= 1,2.158 .100\75=252,8g

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ ---t^o→ K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

Mol:       1,2                                                    0,6

\(m_{KMnO_4\left(lt\right)}=1,2.158=189,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{189,6}{75}.100=252,8\left(g\right)\)

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{2n_{O_2}}{75\%}=\dfrac{2.13,44.100}{22,4.75}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a=m_{KMnO_4}=1,6.158=252,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,03}{0,05}.100=60\%\)

2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

0,06----------------------------------0,03 mol

n O2=0,672\22,4=0,03 mol

=>H=0,06.158\15,8 .100=60%

\(Đặt:n_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KCl}=a\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=30,99\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(36,75-122,5a\right)+74,5a=30,99\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,12\\ m_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=0,12.122,5=14,7\left(g\right)\\ H=\dfrac{14,7}{36,75}.100=40\%\)

2KClO3-to>2KCl+3O2

0,08--------------------0,12 mol

n O2=2,688\22,4=0,12 mol

H=20%

=>m KClO3tt=0,08.122,5.100\20=49g

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,12=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ Hao.hụt.80\%.Nên:n_{KClO_3\left(TT\right)}=0,08:\left(100\%-20\%\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m=m_{KClO_3\left(TT\right)}=122,5.0,1=12,25\left(g\right)\)

m_C2H5OH(bd) = 0,8.23 = 18,4 (g)

=> \(n_{C_2H_5OH\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{18,4}{46}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{C_2H_5OH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,4.75}{100}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: C₂H₅OH --H₂SO₄,170^oC--> C₂H₄ + H₂O

                0,3------------------------->0,3

=> V_C2H4 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)

a) \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{282}{188}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,5.90}{100}=1,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu(NO₃)₂ --t^o--> 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂

______1,35------------>1,35------------->0,675

=> m_CuO = 1,35.80 = 108(g)

=> V_O2 = 0,675.22,4 = 15,12 (l)

b) Gọi số mol Cu(NO₃)₂ cần nung là a (mol)

=> \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{90a}{100}=0,9a\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Cu(NO₃)₂ --t^o--> 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂

______0,9a---------------------->1,8a--->0,45a

=> (1,8a+0,45a).22,4 = 5

=> a = 0,0992 (mol)

=> \(m_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,0992.188=18,6496\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ 3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Fe_3O_4\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{Fe_3O_4\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe_3O_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{18,56}{232}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,08}{0,1}.100=80\%\)

a) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL

=> \(m=28,4+0,4.18-0,4.2=34,8\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{Fe\left(X\right)}=\dfrac{28,4.59,155\%}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

n_O = n_H2O = 0,4 (mol)

=> n_Fe : n_O = 3:4

=> CTHH: Fe₃O₄

c) \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)

 \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{232}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{4}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo Fe₃O₄

n_Fe(X) = 0,3 (mol)

=> n_{Fe3O4 (bị khử)} = 0,1 (mol)

=> \(\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}.100\%=66,67\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt.oxit.sắt:Fe_xO_y\left(x,y:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{y}< \dfrac{0,8}{y}\\ \Rightarrow H_2dư\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{O\left(mất\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{oxit}=m_{rắn}+m_O=28,4+0,4.16=34,8\left(g\right)\\b,m_{Fe}=28,4.59,155\%=16,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x:y=0,3:0,4=3:4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\\ c,n_{Fe_3O_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{34,8}{232}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(LT\right)}=3.0,15=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe\left(TT\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}.100=66,667\%\)