Ap dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

Trường hợp 1: \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2.a+2.b+2.c}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2.\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Trường hợp 2: \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a-b-c}{b+c-c-a-a-b}\)\(=\frac{a-b-c}{-2a}\)

Vậy A = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

và A = \(=\frac{a-b-c}{-2a}\)

Cách 1 . \(A=\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\)

Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x\); \(\frac{b-c}{a}=y\) ; \(\frac{c-a}{b}=z\)

Ta có : \(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}}{\frac{c-a}{b}}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+cb\left(b-c\right)}{ac\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{b\left(b-a-c\right)}{ac}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

tương tự : \(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\); \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+1\)

\(=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)

Áp dụng bài toán phụ : Nếu a + b + c = 0 thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) (có thể chứng minh bằng cách rút a = - b - c  rồi thay vào tổng ba lập phương) được : 

\(A=3+\frac{2}{abc}.3abc=3+6=9\)

Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x=>\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x}\)

\(\frac{b-c}{a}=y=>\frac{a}{b-c}=y\)

\(\frac{c-a}{b}=z=>\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)

=>\(A=\left(x+y+z\right).\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

=>\(A=x.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+y.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+z.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

=>\(A=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+1+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+1+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\)

=>\(A=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{c-a}{b}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2+c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{\left(ab-ac\right)-\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{a.\left(b-c\right)-\left(b+c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right).a}{\left(b-c\right).bc}=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).a}{bc}=\frac{\left(a+a-a-b-c\right).a}{bc}\)

\(=\frac{\left[2a-\left(a+b+c\right)\right].a}{bc}\)

Vì a+b+c=0

=>\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\left(2a-0\right).a}{bc}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:

\(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{3a^3}{abc}+\frac{3b^3}{abc}+\frac{3c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)

Vì a+b+c=0

=>a=-(b+c)

=>\(a^3=\left[-\left(b+c\right)\right]^3\)

=>\(a^3=-\left(b+c\right)^3\)

=>\(a^3=-\left[b^3+3bc.\left(b+c\right)+c^3\right]\)

=>\(a^3=-b^3-3bc.\left(b+c\right)-c^3\)

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(b+c\right)\)

Vì a+b+c=0=>b+c=-a

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(-a\right)\)

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

Thay vào A, ta có:

\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+\frac{6.abc}{abc}=3+6=9\)

=>A=9

Vậy A=9

Cách 2. Đặt \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\) ; \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)}{abc}\)

Xét riêng : \(ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)=ab\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left[-ab\left(b-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-ab\left(c-a\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\right]\)

\(=b.\left(c-a\right).\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\)

Vậy : \(P=\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}\)

Tiếp theo, rút gọn Q như sau : 

Đặt \(x=b-c\); \(y=c-a\); \(z=a-b\)

Ta có : \(x-y=a+b-2c=-c-2c=-3c\)

\(y-z=b+c-2a=-a-2a=-3a\)

\(z-x=c+a-2b=-b-2b=-3b\)

\(\Rightarrow3Q=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(z-x\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(x-y\right)}{z}\)\(\Rightarrow-3Q=\frac{y-z}{x}+\frac{z-x}{y}+\frac{x-y}{z}\)

Rút gọn tương tự như P, ta được : \(-3Q=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{xyz}=\frac{\left(-3c\right).\left(-3a\right).\left(3b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=-\frac{9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Vậy : \(A=PQ=\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{abc}.\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow A=9\)

Gọi \(M=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\)      ta có :

\(M\frac{c}{a-b}=1+\frac{c}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Tương tự  \(M.\frac{a}{b-c}=1+\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

và  \(M.\frac{b}{c-a}=1+\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

Vậy \(A=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)

( Vì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\).  Lại do  . ( Phân tích là ra hết ).\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)

=> ....

bài này trong sách nâng cao phát triển tập 1 

Gọi \(M=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b},\)ta có :

\(M.\frac{c}{a-b}=1+\frac{c}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Tương tự : \(M.\frac{a}{b-c}=1+\frac{2a^3}{abc},M.\frac{b}{c-a}=1+\frac{2b^3}{abc}.\)

Vậy \(A=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)

Ta có: 

\(S=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+\frac{d-b}{c+b}+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+\frac{c-a}{d+a}\)

\(=\left(\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d-b}{c+b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c-a}{d+a}+1\right)-4\)

\(=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{d+c}{c+b}+\frac{b+a}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{d+a}-4\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+b}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)-4\)

\(\ge\frac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{4\left(c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4\) (Cauchy Schwars)

\(=\frac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4=4-4=0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = d

Vậy Min(S) = 0 khi a = b = c = d

Đúng như mình dự đoán.

a) Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

mà \(\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}\)( đpcm )

b) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\)\(\Rightarrow b+c=-a\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a}{-a}=-1\)

Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)

a) Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=kb\\b=kc\\c=kd\end{cases}}\)

Ta có : \(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{kb+kc+kd}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{k\left(b+c+d\right)}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

ấy chết xin lỗi bạn nhé :( đang làm dở lại bấm gửi bài 

Đầu tiền dùng AM-GM cm tổng 3 phân thức đầu >= 6

 tổng 3 phân thức còn lại >= 3/2(bđt nesbit) .vậy là xong

áp dụng t/ c dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có: \(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=\frac{5\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=5\)

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=5\Rightarrow5a=2a+b+c+d\Leftrightarrow3a=b+c+d\Rightarrow a=\frac{b+c+d}{3}\)

\(\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=5\Rightarrow3b=a+c+d\Leftrightarrow3b=\frac{b+c+d}{3}+c+d\Leftrightarrow9b=b+c+d+3c+3d\Leftrightarrow8b=4c+4d\Leftrightarrow b=\frac{c+d}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{\left(\frac{c+d}{2}+c+d\right)}{3}=\frac{3c+3d}{6}=\frac{c+d}{2}\Rightarrow a+b=\frac{2\left(c+d\right)}{2}=c+d\Rightarrow\frac{2c+2d+c+d}{\frac{c+d}{2}}=5\Leftrightarrow\frac{6\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}=5\Rightarrow6=5\)=> k tìm đc a,b,c,d thỏa mãn.

hoặc làm tiếp ta cũng có thể thấy:

\(\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=5\Rightarrow3c=a+b+d\Leftrightarrow3c-\frac{c+d}{2}-\frac{c+d}{2}-d=0\Leftrightarrow3c-c-d+d=0\Leftrightarrow2c=0\Leftrightarrow c=0\)

mà a,b,c,d điều kiện phải khác 0 => k có a,b,c,d thỏa mãn

Ta có :   2a + b + c+ d / a - 1 = a + 2b + c + d / b - 1 = a + b + 2c + d / c - 1 = a + b + c +2d / d - 1

  => a + b + c + d / a =  a + b + c + d / b = a + b + c + d / c = a + b + c + d / d

Xét 2 trường hợp : 

TH1:   a + b + c + d = 0

=> a + b = - ( c + d )   ;   b + c = - ( a + d )   ;   c + d = - ( a + b )

Khi đó M = ( -1 ) . 4 = -4

TH2 :  a + b + c + d  khác 0 

=> a = b = c = d

Khi đó M = 1 . 4 = 4

Vậy M = 4 hoặc M = - 4

theo dãy tỉ số bằng nhau thì:a+b+c+d phải khác 0