Câu 1:

CuO + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + H₂O

\(n_{CuO}=\frac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)

Theo bài: \(n_{CuO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)

Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H₂SO₄ dư

Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H₂SO₄ dư và CuSO₄

Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=3,2+200=203,2\left(g\right)\)

Theo Pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,2-0,04=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,16\times98=15,68\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}dư=\frac{15,68}{203,2}\times100\%=7,72\%\)

Theo Pt: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,04\times160=6,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuSO_4}=\frac{6,4}{203,2}\times100\%=3,15\%\)

Câu 2:

ZnO + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂O

\(n_{ZnO}=\frac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times24,5\%=49\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Theo Pt: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)

Theo bài: \(n_{ZnO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)

Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H₂SO₄ dư

Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H₂SO₄ dư và ZnSO₄

Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,5-0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98=39,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{39,2}{208,1}\times100\%=18,84\%\)

Theo pT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\times161=16,1\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\frac{16,1}{208,1}\times100\%=7,74\%\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10.200}{100.40}=0,5mol\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

0,5                0,25           0,25               0,5

\(m_{dd}=200+100-0,25.107=273,25g\\ C_{\%NaCl}=\dfrac{0,5.58,5}{273,25}\cdot100=10,7\%\)

đề thiếu C% của FeCl₃ không vậy bạn

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6.100}{100}=19,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KOH + H₂SO₄ ---> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

             0,4<-----0,2--------->0,2

\(\rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=400+100=500\left(g\right)\\ m_{K_2SO_4}=174.0,2=34,8\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{500}.100\%=6,96\%\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6\%}{98}=0,2mol\)

\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

  0,4            0,2              0,2                  ( mol )

\(m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400g\)

\(C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.174}{100+400}.100=6,96\%\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=29,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

a. PTHH: 2KOH + H₂SO₄ ---> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=2.n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{KOH}=0,6.56=33,6\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{KOH}}=\dfrac{33,6}{m_{dd_{KOH}}}.100\%=5,6\%\)

=> \(m_{dd_{KOH}}=600\left(g\right)\)

Theo đề, ta có: 

\(D=\dfrac{600}{V_{dd_{KOH}}}=10,45\)(g/ml)

=> \(V_{dd_{KOH}}=57,42\left(ml\right)\)

b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{K_2SO_4}}=200+33,6=233,6\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{K_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{K_2SO_4}=0,3.174=52,2\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{52,2}{233,6}.100\%=22,35\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\) 
          0,1           0,2            0,1      0,1 
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\ m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)  
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) 
          0,2             0,4       0,2              0,2 
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\ V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\ m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\ C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)

m_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{100.10,6\%}{100\%}\)= 10,6 (g)

n_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{10,6}{106}\)= 0,1 (mol)

m_H2SO4 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{200.9,8\%}{100\%}\)= 19,6 (g)

n_H2SO4 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{19,6}{98}\)= 0,2 (mol)

Khi cho Na₂CO₃ tác dụng với H₂SO₄, ta có PTHH:

Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄  \(\rightarrow\)Na₂SO₄ + CO₂\(\uparrow\)+ H₂O

0,1          : 0,2

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,1}{1}\)< \(\frac{0,2}{1}\)=> H₂SO₄ dư, dưa vào n_Na2CO3 để tính

Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) Na₂SO₄ + CO₂\(\uparrow\)+ H₂O

0,1 \(\rightarrow\)0,1              : 0,1            : 0,1        : 0,1               (mol)

a. V_CO2 = n.22,4 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)

b. Các chất sau phản ứng gồm Na₂SO₄ và H₂SO₄ dư

m_dsau = m_dNa2CO3 + m_dH2SO4 - m_CO2 = 100 + 200 - 0,1.44 = 295,6 (g)

C%_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{0,1.106}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,6 %

C%_H2SO4 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{\left(0,2-0,1\right)98}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,31%