Đáp án B.

a, \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)

b, \(m_{BaCl_2}=200.2,08\%=4,16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{4,16}{208}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=300.9,8\%=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,02=0,28\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m _{dd BaCl2} + m _{dd H2SO4} - m_BaSO4 = 200 + 300 - 0,02.233 = 495,34 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,04.36,5}{495,34}.100\%\approx0,295\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,28.98}{495,34}.100\%\approx5,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot9,8\%}{100\%}=29,4\left(g\right)\\m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200\cdot26\%}{100\%}=52\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{52}{208}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}\) nên H₂SO₄ dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{BaSO_4}=0,25\cdot233=58,25\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,25\cdot36,5=9,125\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=300+200-58,25=441,75\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{9,125}{441,75}\cdot100\%\approx2,07\%\)

Bài 19  :

\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)

Bài 18 : 

\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)

Với 200g dd H2SO4 9.8% ==> mH2SO4 = 200x9.8/100 = 19.6 (g)

Với 300g dd H2SO4 19.6% => mH2SO4 = 300x19.6/100 = 58.8 (g)

mdd H2SO4 = 200 + 300 = 500 (g)

C% X = (19.6+58.8)x100/500 = 15.68%

mH2SO4 = 19.6 + 58.8 = 78.4 (g)

===> nH2SO4 = m/M = 78.4/98 = 0.8 (mol)

H2SO4 + 2KOH => K2SO4 + 2H2O

==> nKOH = 0.8 x 2 = 1.6 (mol)

V = n/C_M = 1.6/1 = 1.6 (l) = 1600ml

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{100.98}=0,4mol\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\\ CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow CuSO_4.pư.không.hết\)

\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)

0,3mol        0,6mol                                        0,3mol

\(m_{ddB}=0,4.80+200+0,6.40-29,4=226,6g\\ C_{\%Na_2SO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.142}{226,6}\cdot100=18,8\%\)

\(\begin{cases} m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6\%}{100\%}=19,6(g)\\ m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{300.20,8\%}{100\%}=62,4(g) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2(mol)\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{62,4}{208}=0,3(mol) \end{cases}\\ a,PTHH:BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\to BaSO_4\downarrow +2HCl\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}\) nên \(BaCl_2\) dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6(g)\)

\(b,n_{HCl}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,2.36,5=7,3(g)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=100+300-46,6=353,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{353,4}.100\%\approx 2,07\%\)