\(f\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\)

=> \(f\left(-2\right)=4a-2b+c=-3\)

Có f(x) chia cho x và x + 4 đều dư 5

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(0\right)=0+c=5\\f\left(-4\right)=16a-4b+c=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-2b+c=-3\\c=5\\16a-4b+c=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=5\\2\left(2a-b\right)=-8\\4\left(4a-b\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=5\\b=4a\\2a-b=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=8\\c=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó \(f\left(x\right)=2x^2+8x+5\)

Bài 1:

\(2x^4+ax^2+bx+c⋮x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^4+ax^2+bx+c=\left(x-2\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)

Thay \(x=2\Leftrightarrow32+4a+2b+c=0\Leftrightarrow4a+2b+c=-32\left(1\right)\)

\(2x^4+ax^2+bx+c:\left(x^2-1\right)R2x\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^4+ax^2+bx+c=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\cdot b\left(x\right)+2x\)

Thay \(x=1\Leftrightarrow2+a+b+c=2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\left(2\right)\)

Thay \(x=-1\Leftrightarrow2+a-b+c=-2\Leftrightarrow a-b+c=-4\left(3\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\\a+b+c=0\\a-b+c=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{34}{3}\\b=2\\c=\dfrac{28}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

Do \(f\left(x\right):x^2+x-12\) được thương bậc 2 nên dư bậc 1

Gọi đa thức dư là \(ax+b\)

Vì \(f\left(x\right):x^2+x-12\) được thương là \(x^2+3\) và còn dư nên

\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+x-12\right)\left(x^2+3\right)+ax+b\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3\right)+ax+b\)

Thay \(x=3\Leftrightarrow f\left(3\right)=3a+b\)

Mà \(f\left(x\right):\left(x-3\right)R2\Leftrightarrow f\left(3\right)=2\Leftrightarrow3a+b=2\left(1\right)\)

Thay \(x=-4\Leftrightarrow f\left(-4\right)=-4a+b\)

Mà \(f\left(x\right):\left(x+4\right)R9\Leftrightarrow f\left(-4\right)=9\Leftrightarrow-4a+b=-9\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=2\\-4a+b=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do đó \(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+x-12\right)\left(x^2+3\right)-x+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=x^4+3x^2+x^3+3x-12x^2-36-x+5\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=x^4+x^3-9x^2+2x-31\)

Câu hỏi của Vinh Lê Thành - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath. Bạn tham khảo!

Gọi số dư của A khi chia cho (x-1) và (x+1) là d

Ta có :

A chia (x-1) dư d 

=>A(1)=d

=>a+b+c=d(*)

A chia (x+1) dư d

=>A(-1)=d

=>a-b+c=d(**)

Từ (*) và (**) ta có :

a+b+c = (a-b+c) 

=>b = -b

=>b-(-b) = 0

2b=0

b=0

Vậy b=0

Vì \(f\left(x\right)⋮x-2;f\left(x\right):x^2-1\) dư 1\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)\cdot\left(x-2\right)\\f\left(x\right)=q\left(x\right)\left(x^2-1\right)+x=q\left(x\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+x\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(2\right)=0\\f\left(1\right)=1\\f\left(-1\right)=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}32+4a+2b+c=0\\2+a+b+c=1\\2+a-b+c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\left(1\right)\\a+b+c=-1\left(2\right)\\a-b+c=-3\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

 Trừ từng vế của (2) cho (3) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow2b=2\Rightarrow b=1\)

Thay b=1 vào lần lượt (1) ,(2),(3) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2+c=-32\\a+1+c=-1\\a-1+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+c=-34\\a+c=-2\\a+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+c=-34\left(4\right)\\a+c=-2\left(5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trừ từng vế của (4) cho (5) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow3a=-32\Rightarrow a=-\dfrac{32}{3}\Rightarrow c=-2+\dfrac{32}{3}=\dfrac{26}{3}\) Vậy...

\(f\left(x\right)=2x^4+ax^2+bx+c\)

\(=2x^4-4x^3+4x^3-8x^2+\left(a+8\right)x^2-x\left(2a+16\right)+\left(2a+16+b\right)x-2\left(2a+16+b\right)+4a+32+2b+c\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(2x^3+4x^2+x\left(a+8\right)+2a+16+b\right)+4a+2b+32+c\)

=>\(\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{x-2}=2x^3+4x^2+x\left(a+8\right)+2a+16+b+\dfrac{4a+2b+32+c}{x-2}\)

f(x) chia hết cho x-2 nên \(4a+2b+32+c=0\)(1)

\(f\left(x\right)=2x^4+ax^2+bx+c\)

\(=2x^4-4x^3+6x^2+4x^3-16x^2+12x+\left(a+10\right)x^2-4x\left(a+10\right)+3a+30+x\left(4a+28+b\right)+c-3a-30\)

\(=\left(x^2-4x+3\right)\left(2x^2+4x+a+10\right)\)+x(4a+28+b)+c-3a-30

f(x) chia cho x²-4x+3 dư -x+2 nên ta có: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+28+b=-1\\c-3a-30=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)

Từ (1),(2) ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+32+c=0\\4a+b+28=-1\\c-3a=32\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\\4a+b=-29\\-3a+c=32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c=-3\\-3a+c=32\\4a+b=-29\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+3a=-35\\4a+b=-29\\b+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a=-6\\4a+b=-29\\b+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=-29-4a=-29-4\cdot6=-53\\c=-3-b=-3-\left(-53\right)=50\end{matrix}\right.\)