a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

           0,1<----------------------------0,15

=> \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

          0,075------------------------>0,075

            2Al + 6H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

              0,1----------------------------->0,15

=> V_SO2 = (0,075 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,04 (l)

2Al+6HCl->2AlCL3+3H2(1)

Mg+2HCL->MgCL2+H2(2)

Cu+2H2SO4(đặc)->CuSO4+SO2+2H2O(3)

(3)=>nCu=nSO2=2,24/22,4=0,1mol

=>mCu=0,1.64=6,4g ???? lớn hơn m hỗn hợp đề chắc sai

- Kim loại Cu sẽ không tan trong dung dịch HCl ở đk thường. Nên nó sẽ là kim loại duy nhất trong hỗn hợp này tác dụng với dd H₂SO_{4 đặc,nóng} .

\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> m_Cu= 0,1.64=6,4(g)

\(\rightarrow m_{hh\left(Mg,Al\right)}=11,5-6,4=5,1\left(g\right)\\ Đặt\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{11,5}.100\approx55,652\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,1}{11,5}.100\approx20,87\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{11,5}.100\approx23,478\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)

Sửa 3,46 ở câu 1 thành 3,36 cho số đẹp bạn nhé!

1)

Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Zn + 4HNO₃ --> Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O

2)

TN2:

\(n_{NO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 4HNO₃ --> Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O

_____0,05<--------------------------0,1

=> n_Zn = 0,05 (mol)

TN1: 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

____0,05--------------------->0,05

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

0,1<-----------------------0,15

=> m = 0,05.65 + 0,1.27 = 5,95(g)

a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

_____0,15<-------------0,15<---0,15

=> m_Zn = 0,15.65 = 9,75(g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Zn=\dfrac{9,75}{17,75}.100\%=54,93\%\\\%Cu=100\%-54,93\%=45,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) m_ZnSO4 = 0,15.161=24,15(g)