a: \(\Leftrightarrow x+3\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-2;-4;-1;-5;0;-6;1;-7;3;-9;9;-15\right\}\)

5.

$4x+3\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow 4(x-2)+11\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow 11\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow x-2\in \left\{1; -1; 11; -11\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{3; 1; 13; -9\right\}$

6.

$3x+9\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow 3(x+2)+3\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow 3\vdots x+2$

$\Rightarrow x+2\in \left\{1; -1; 3; -3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-1; -3; 1; -5\right\}$

7.

$3x+16\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 3(x+1)+13\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 13\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow x+1\in \left\{1; -1; 13; -13\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0; -2; 12; -14\right\}$

8.

$4x+69\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow 4(x+5)+49\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow 49\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow x+5\in\left\{1; -1; 7; -7; 49; -49\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-4; -6; 2; -12; 44; -54\right\}$

** Bổ sung điều kiện $x$ là số nguyên.

1. $x+9\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow (x+7)+2\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow 2\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow x+7\in \left\{1; -1; 2; -2\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-6; -8; -5; -9\right\}$

2. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 9\vdots x+1$

3. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 17\vdots x+2$
4. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 18\vdots x+2$

b: \(x\in\left\{1;2;3;6\right\}\)

Lời giải:

a. $8-3x=(-7)^2:(-7)=(-7)$

$\Rightarrow 3x=8-(-7)=15$

$\Rightarrow x=15:3=5$

b.

$18\vdots x, 24\vdots x$ nên $x\in ƯC(18,24)$

$\Rightarrow ƯCLN(18,24)\vdots x$

Hay $6\vdots x$

$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 3; \pm 6\right\}$

2:

a: Gọi d=ƯCLN(4n+7;2n+3)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4n+7⋮d\\2n+3⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4n+7⋮d\\4n+6⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow1⋮d\)

=>d=1

=>ƯCLN(4n+7;2n+3)=1

b: Gọi \(d=ƯCLN\left(3n+5;6n+9\right)\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3n+5⋮d\\6n+9⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6n+10⋮d\\6n+9⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(1⋮d\)

=>d=1

=>Đây là phân số tối giản

a)

10 chia hết chp x+2

<=> \(x+2\inƯ_{10}\)

<=> \(x+2\in\left\{1;2;5;10\right\}\)

<=> \(x+2\in\left\{-1;0;3;8\right\}\)

Vậy \(x+2\in\left\{-1;0;3;8\right\}\)

b)

21 chia hết cho 2x + 5

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+5\in\left\{1;3;7;21\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+5\in\left\{-2;-1;1;8\right\}\)

Vậy ....

c) 18 chia hết cho x - 3

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;2;3;6;9;18\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{4;5;6;9;11;121\right\}\)

Vậy .........

d)

5x + 3 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 3(5x + 3 ) - 5(3x+2) chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 15x + 9 - 15x - 10 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> - 1 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 1 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> x = - 1

Vậy ....