a)

Coi V dd HCl = 100(ml)

m dd HCl = 1,25.100 = 125(gam)

n HCl = 125.7,3%/36,5 = 0,25(mol)

[H⁺ ] = [Cl^- ] = CM HCl = 0,25/0,1 = 2,5M

b)

n Al = 0,235(mol)

2Al + 6HCl $\to$ 2AlCl3 + 3H2

n HCl pư = 3n Al = 0,705(mol)

n HCl dư = 0,4.2 - 0,705 = 0,095(mol)

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,095/0,4 = 0,2375M

pH = -log([H⁺ ]) = 0,624

\(n_{HNO_3}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.25\cdot1=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.25...............0.5.................0.25\)

\(\left[Ca^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0.25}{0.25+0.25}=0.5\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0.25\cdot2}{0.25+0.25}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot1=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)

\(0.5..............0.25................0.25\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.25\cdot2}{0.25+0.25}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.25}{0.25+0.25}=0.5\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot2\%}{40}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50\cdot49\%}{98}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(0.1...............0.05...........0.05\)

\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0.25-0.05=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{200}{1}+\dfrac{50}{1.05}=247.6\left(ml\right)=0.2476\left(l\right)\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05\cdot2}{0.2476}=0.4\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.2\cdot2}{0.2476}=1.6\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.2}{0.2476}=1\left(M\right)\)

$n_{NaOH} = \dfrac{200.2\%}{40} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{50.49\%}{98} = 0,25(mol)$
$2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
$n_{NaOH} : 2 < n_{H_2SO_4} : 1$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư

$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,25 - 0,1.0,5 = 0,2(mol)$

$n_{H^+\ dư} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$

Sau phản ứng :

$V_{dd} = \dfrac{200}{1} + 50.1,05 = 252,5(ml) = 0,2525(lít)$

Bảo toàn Na, S ta có : 

$[Na^+] = \dfrac{0,1}{0,2525} = 0,4M$
$[SO_4^{2-}] = \dfrac{0,25}{0,2525} = 0,99M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,4}{0,2525} = 1,58M$

\(n_{OH^-}=\dfrac{200.2\%}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H^+}=2.\dfrac{50.49\%}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,5.........0,1

=> Sau phản ứng H+ dư

\(n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Dung dịch sau phản ứng gồm các ion : Na ⁺ ,H⁺ dư, SO4^2-

V=\(\dfrac{200}{1}+\dfrac{50}{1,05}=247,6\left(ml\right)=0,2476\left(l\right)\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2476}=0,4M\)

 \(\left[H^+_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2476}=0,8M\)

\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2476}=1M\)

a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)=3360\left(ml\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, Ta có: \(m_{ddHCl}=1,25.200=250\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = 8,4 + 250 - 0,15.2 = 258,1 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{258,1}.100\%\approx7,38\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{258.1}.100\%\approx1,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$

$n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol) < n_{HCl} = 1,05(mol)$ nên HCl dư

$n_{HCl\ dư} = 1,05 -0 ,3 = 0,75(mol)$
$n_{KCl} = n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol)$

$V_{dd} = 0,3+ 0,7 = 1(lít)$
Suy ra : 

$[K^+] = \dfrac{0,3}{1} = 0,3M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,75 + 0,3}{1} = 1,05M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,75}{1} = 0,75M$

b)

$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,375(mol)$

$V_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,375}{1,5} = 0,25(lít)$

\(n_{KOH}=0.3\cdot1=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.7\cdot1.5=1.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)

\(0.3...........0.3..........0.3\)

Dung dịch D gồm : 0.3 (mol) KCl , 0.75 (mol) HCl dư

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.3}{0.3+0.7}=0.3\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.3+0.75}{0.3+0.7}=1.05\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.75}{0.3+0.7}=0.75\left(M\right)\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.375..................0.75\)

\(V_{dd_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0.375}{1.5}=0.25\left(l\right)\)

nNa+ = 0,05*2 + 0,05 = 0,15

->[Na+]=0,15/1=0,15(M)

nSO4 2- = 0,05 -> [SO4 2-] = 0,05

nCl- = 0,05 -> [Cl-] = 0,05

b)

Đặt x là mol Na+ ; y là mol Cl- ; z là mol SO4 2-

0,15=x*0,4 ->x=0,375

0,05 =y*0,4 -->y=1,25

0,05 = z*0,4 -> z=1,25

c)

Ko được

Vì để có nồng độ SO4 2- giốn ddX thì số mol Na2SO4 phải là 0,125

mà muốn có nồng độ Na+ giống dd X thì số mol Na2SO4 phải là 0,1875

=> mâu thuẫn