b) 3^{4n + 1} + 2 = 3⁴ⁿ . 3 + 2 = (...1) . 3 + 2 = (....3) + 2 = (....5) ⋮ 5

c) 2^{4n + 1} + 3 = 2⁴ⁿ . 2 + 3 = (...6) . 2 + 3 = (....2) + 3 = (....5) ⋮ 5

d) 2^{4n + 2} + 1 = 2⁴ⁿ . 2² + 1 = (...6) . 4 + 1 = (...4) + 1 = (....5) ⋮ 5

e) 9²ⁿ⁺¹   + 1 = 9²ⁿ . 9 + 1 = (...1) . 9 + 1 = (....9) + 1 = (....0) ⋮ 10

Hok tốt 

a) Ta có:

(5^2n+1) + (2^n+4) + (2^n+1) = (25^n).5 - 5.(2^n) + (2^n).( 5 + 2^4 +2) = 5.( 25^n - 2^n ) + 23.2^n chia hết cho 23.  

Lời giải:

a) 

\(5^{2n+1}+2^{n+4}+2^{n+1}=5.25^n+16.2^n+2.2^n\)

\(\equiv 5.2^n+16.2^n+2.2^n\pmod {23}\)

\(\equiv 23.2^n\equiv 0\pmod {23}\)

Ta có đpcm.

b) 

\(2^{2n+2}+24n+14\) hiển nhiên chia hết cho $2(1)$

Mặt khác:

Nếu $n=3k+1$:

$2^{2n+2}+24n+14=2^{6k+4}+72k+38$

$=16.2^{6k}+72k+38\equiv 16+72k+38=54+72k\equiv 0\pmod 9$

Nếu $n=3k$:

$2^{2n+2}+24n+14=2^{6k+2}+72k+14=4.2^{6k}+72k+14$

$\equiv 4+72k+14=18+72k\equiv 0\pmod 9$

Nếu $n=3k+2$:

$2^{2n+2}+24n+14=2^{6k+6}+72k+62\equiv 1+72k+62$

$\equiv 63+72k\equiv 0\pmod 9$

Vậy tóm lại $2^{2n+2}+24n+14$ chia hết cho $9$ (2)

Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow 2^{2n+2}+24n+14\vdots 18$ (đpcm)