I. Match the questions with the answers.
1. What is your hometown, Michele? 
2. How big is the town? 
3. What is the town’s population? 
4. Did you like your hometown? 
5. What did you usually do for fun? 
6. How often did you go to the city? 
7. When did you move to the city? 
8. Do you prefer city or country life? 
a. I usually played outside with my friends. Sometimes we went into the city to go shopping or see a movie.
b. Actually I find it exciting to live in the city, but it’s so crowded and the people aren’t friendly.
c. It’s pretty small, just about 1.86 sq mi.
d. Ten years ago.
e. I lived in a small town called Beaverton.
f. About three thousand people I think.
g. When I was little I liked it, but when I got older I found it pretty boring being in such a small town.
h. Twice or three times a month.

Do the quiz. Compare your answers with a partner's. Then listen and check.

1) 0 - 5 years

Which of these things can children normally do before they’re five?

a. Get a new hobby

b. Read and write a 20-word story

c. Get a bank account

2) 6 - 12 years

Surveys show we are happiest around nine to ten years old. Why?

a. It’s when we get rich

b. It’s when we get a pension

c. It’s when we have the most fun and fewest worries.

3) 13 - 19 years

Most teenagers have got social media account nowadays. How old do you usually need to be to get a social media account?

a. Thirteen

b. Fourteen

c. Fifteen

4) 20 - 29 years

When they have got a degree or finished their studies, people in their twenties often get a job. Which of these things can’t you do in the UK until you’re twenty-one?

a. Get a driving licence

b. Adopt a child

c. Get a boyfriend or girlfriend.

5) 30 - 49 years

At this age, many people are married. According to scientists, if you get married, you’ll probably __________.

a. be happy

b. die younger

c. live longer

6) 50 - 59 years

People often become grandparents at this age. What is the record number of grandchildren to one grandparent in the world?

a. 99

b. 140

c. 247

7) 60 - 79 years

When people get a pension, they often lead a quiet life, but not always! In the Senior Olympics event in the USA, for example, older people compete in every Olympic sport. What’s the world record for the women’s 100 metres for women over seventy?

a. 10.6 seconds

b. 14.6 seconds

c. 20.6 seconds

8) 70 - 100 years

People are getting older. In 1900, the average life expectancy in Europe was forty-three. What is it now?

a. About seventy

b. About eighty

c. About ninety

Nonfiction Reading Test 

Koko 

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Refer to the text  to check your answers when appropriate. 

Did you know that humans aren't the only  species that use language? Bees communicate by  dancing. Whales talk to each other by singing.  And some apes talk to humans by using  American Sign Language. 

Meet Koko: a female gorilla born at the San  Francisco Zoo on July 4th, 1971. Koko learned  sign language from her trainer, Dr. Penny  Patterson. Patterson began teaching sign  language to Koko in 1972, when Koko was one  year old. Koko must have been a good student,  because two years later she moved onto the  Stanford University campus with Dr. Patterson.  Koko continued to learn on the campus until  1976. That's when she began living full-time  with Patterson's group, the Gorilla Foundation.  Patterson and Koko's relationship has blossomed  ever since. 

Dr. Patterson says that Koko has mastered sign  language. She says that Koko knows over 1,000  words, and that Koko makes up new words. For  example, Koko didn't know the sign for ring, so  

she signed the words finger and bracelet. Dr.  Patterson thinks that this shows meaningful and  constructive use of language.  

Not everyone agrees with Dr. Patterson. Some  argue that apes like Koko do not understand the  meaning of what they are doing. Skeptics say  that these apes are just performing complex  tricks. For example, if Koko points to an apple  and signs red or apple, Dr. Patterson will give  her an apple. They argue that Koko does not  really know what the sign apple means. She only  knows that that if she makes the right motion,  one which Dr. Patterson has shown her, then she  gets an apple. The debate is unresolved, but one  thing is for certain: Koko is an extraordinary  ape. 

Sign language isn't the only unusual thing about  Koko. She's also been a pet-owner. In 1983, at  the age of 12, researchers said that Koko asked  for a cat for Christmas. They gave Koko a  stuffed cat. Koko was not happy. She did not  play with it, and she continued to sign sad. So  for her birthday in 1984, they let her pick a cat  out of an abandoned liter. Koko picked a gray  cat and named him "All Ball." Dr. Patterson said  that Koko loved and nurtured All Ball as though  he were a baby gorilla. Sadly, All Ball got out of  Koko's cage and was hit by a car. Patterson  reported that Koko signed "Bad, sad, bad" and  "Frown, cry, frown, sad" when she broke the  news to her.  

It seems like Patterson and Koko have a good  relationship, but not everyone agrees with it.  Some critics believe that Patterson is humanizing  the ape. They believe that apes should be left in  the most natural state possible. Even Dr.  Patterson struggles with these feelings. When  asked if her findings could be duplicated by  another group of scientists, she said, "We don't  think that it would be ethical to do again." She  went on to argue that animals should not be kept  in such unnatural circumstances. Nonetheless,  Koko lives in her foundation today. 

As for the future, Dr. Patterson and the Gorilla  Foundation would love to get Koko to an ape  preserve in Maui, but they are having trouble  securing the land. So unless you have a few  million dollars to spare, Koko's going to be  spending her time in Woodland, California with  Dr. Patterson. Koko probably doesn't mind that.  If she moved to Hawaii, she'd have to give up  her Facebook page and Twitter feed, and she's  got like 50 thousand "likes." Some may deny  that she knows sign language, but nobody says  that she doesn't know social networking. 

1. Which best expresses the main idea of this article? 

a. Bees, whales, and apes like Koko all use language to communicate. b. Koko uses sign language but some think it's just a trick. 

c. It is natural for gorillas and house cats to live together.  

d. If you want a lot of "likes" on Facebook, get a talking gorilla.  

2. Which best describes how the second paragraph is organized? 

a. Chronological order b. Cause and effect c. Compare and contrast d. Problem and solution 

3. Which best expresses the author's purpose in writing the second paragraph? a. The author is describing the environment in which Koko lives. 

b. The author is informing readers how Dr. Patterson developed her skills. c. The author is persuading readers that Koko should be freed. 

d. The author is telling readers about Koko and Dr. Patterson's background. 

4. Which happened last? 

a. Koko got a stuffed cat for Christmas.  

b. Koko lost All Ball. 

c. Koko began living with the Gorilla Foundation. 

d. Dr. Patterson began teaching Koko to sign. 

5. Which statement would the author most likely agree with? 

a. Koko has mastered sign language without a doubt. 

b. Everybody likes how Dr. Patterson has raised Koko. 

c. Koko doesn't really know sign language. 

d. Some people are troubled by how Koko was raised. 

6. Which best defines the word duplicated as it is used in the sixth paragraph? a. To dispute a fact or disagree with someone b. To lie to someone or to fool them c. To copy or recreate something d. To be disproven through debate 

7. Which event happened first? 

a. Koko moved onto the Stanford University campus. 

b. Koko picked All Ball out for her birthday. 

c. Koko began living with the Gorilla Foundation. 

d. Koko got a stuffed cat for Christmas. 

8. Which best describes the main idea of the sixth paragraph? 

a. Dr. Patterson has treated Koko very cruelly. 

b. Dr. Patterson and Koko have a beautiful, pure, and unconflicted relationship. c. Some people think that Koko should not have been treated like a human. d. Some people are working very hard to prove that Dr. Patterson is wrong.

9. Which statement would the author most likely disagree with? 

a. Dr. Patterson has worked hard to teach Koko sign language. 

b. Some people think that Koko only signs to get food. 

c. The Gorilla Foundation would like to move Koko to an ape preserve. 

d. Dr. Patterson has no regrets about working with Koko.  

10. If a book were being written about Koko and All Ball, which title would best summarize their story? a. Long Wanted, Short Lived: A Tale of Strong Loves Lost 

b. Happy Ending: The Gorilla Who Got What She Wanted 

c. A Tale of Two Kitties: A Stuffed Cat Versus a Real One 

d. Plushy Love: How A Gorilla Fell in Love with a Stuffed Cat 

Long-Response Questions 

1. Does Koko really understand sign language? Support your position with quotes from the text. Explain  your quotes clearly. Argue your point thoroughly. 

2. What lesson can readers learn from this text? Use evidence from the text to support your position.  Explain what your evidence shows.  

3. Make an inference. Describe how Dr. Patterson feels about her relationship with Koko. Use evidence  from the text to support your response. Explain your evidence clearly. 

IX.  Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.

1.    When did you buy your motorbike?

→   How long_____________________________________________________________

2.    If I were you, I would check my answers before handing in the test.

→   You had______________________________________________________________

3.    Everyone must respect the traffic laws.

→   The traffic_____________________________________________________________

4.    I didn’t switch the computer off when I went out.

→   I forgot_______________________________________________________________

5.    Living in a village always seems strange to me.

→   I have never___________________________________________________________

6.    Sue had left the office before the manager arrived there.

→   When the manager______________________________________________________

7.    The town council has created a cooking club.

→   A cooking_____________________________________________________________

8.    Unless you leave home now, you will miss the flight.

→   If____________________________________________________________________

9.    “Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother.

→   I asked________________________________________________________________

10.  It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain.

→   The rain makes_________________________________________________________

SPEAKING Work in pairs or small groups. Do the body quiz on page 37. Check your answers with your teacher.

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY?

1. What is the most common blood type?

a. AB-

b. B-

c. O+

2. How much do fingernails grow per month?

a. 0.75 mm

b. 1.5 mm

c. 3 mm

3. Where exactly is your heart?

a. On the left of your chest

b. In the middle of your chest

c. In the middle of your chest, a bit to the left

4. How long are the human intestines?

a. 3.5 m

b. 8.5 m

c. 13.5 m

5. How many hairs are there on the human scalp?

a. 90,000-150,000

b. 150,000-190,000

c. 190,000-250,000

6. What is the human body's biggest organ?

a. Liver

b. Brain

c. Skin

7. What is the average thickness of human skin?

a. 1-2 mm

b. 2-3 mm

c. 3-4 mm

Complete the table with the infinitive and past simple forms of the verbs in blue in the quiz. Then listen and check.

How GOOD is your MEMORY?

1. What was the last film that you saw?

2. When was the last time that you ate in a restaurant?

3. When did you last go to a circus or a zoo?

4. Where and when did you first ride a bike?

5. Who taught you English at primary school?

6. How old were your parents on their last birthdays?

7. What was the last music that you heard?

8. When did you last make something to eat?

9. What mark did you get in your last English exam?

10. At what age did you first have a mobile phone?

11. What did you do on your last birthday?

12. Who spoke to you first at school today?

13. Who did you speak to last before you left home this morning?

14. How many people gave you presents last year? What were they?

15. How many people did you buy presents for last year? What were they?