a) x²+y²-4x+4y+8=0

⇔ (x-2)²+(y+2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)5x²-4xy+y²=0

⇔ x²+(2x-y)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)x²+2y²+z²-2xy-2y-4z+5=0

⇔ (x-y)²+(y-1)²+(z-2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)3x²+3y²+3xy-3x+3y+3=0

⇔ 6x²+6y²+6xy-6x+6y+6=0

⇔ 3(x+y)²+3(x-1)²+3(y+1)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy+2x-2y\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=4=2^2+0^2=0^2+2^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x;y\)

Lời giải:

\(3x^2+y^2+z^2+2x-2y+2xy+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2y-2x)+2(x^2+2x+1)+z^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2=0\)

Vì \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2\geq 0\\ (x+1)^2\geq 0\\ z^2\geq 0\end{matrix}\right., \forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}\)

Do đó: \((x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2\geq 0\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2=0\\ (x+1)^2=0\\ z^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=-1\\ y=2\\ z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(xy+x-y=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y+1\right)-\left(y+1\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=1=1.1=\left(-1\right).\left(-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=y+1=1\\x-1=y+1=-1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2;y=0\\x=0;y=-2\end{cases}}\)

b) \(x-2xy+y=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-4xy+2y=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(1-2y\right)-\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

Tương tự nha

c) \(x\left(x-2\right)-\left(2-x\right)y-2\left(x-2\right)=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)y-2\left(x-2\right)=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\x+y-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=0\end{cases}}\)

\(2x^2+2y^2+z^2+25-6y-2xy-8x+2z\left(y-x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-2z\left(x-y\right)+z+\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2-2z\left(x-y\right)+z^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-z\right)^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-z=0\\x-4=0\\y-3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}z=1\\x=4\\y=3\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(x=4\), \(y=3\), \(z=1\)

Ta có :

\(A=\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)

\(=\left|x-y\right|+\left|y-z\right|+\left|z-x\right|\)

không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(0\le z\le y\le x\le3\)

Khi đó : A = x - y + y - z + x - z = 2x - 2z

vì \(0\le z\le x\le3\)nên : \(2x\le6;-2z\le0\Rightarrow2x-2z\le6\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le6\)

Vậy GTNN của A là 6 khi x = 3 ; z = 0 và y thỏa mãn \(0\le y\le3\)và các  hoán vị