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Lời giải:

$6xy-4x+3y=5$

$\Rightarrow 2x(3y-2)+3y=5$

$\Rightarrow 2x(3y-2)+(3y-2)=3$

$\Rightarrow (3y-2)(2x+1)=3$

Với $x,y$ nguyên thì $2x+1, 3y-2$ nguyên. Mà tích của chúng bằng 3 nên ta xét các TH sau:

TH1: $2x+1=1, 3y-2=3\Rightarrow y=\frac{5}{3}$ (loại) 

TH2: $2x+1=-1, 3y-2=-3\Rightarrow y=\frac{-1}{3}$ (loại)

TH3: $2x+1=3, 3y-2=1\Rightarrow x=1; y=1$

TH4: $2x+1=-3, 3y-2=-1\Rightarrow y=\frac{1}{3}$ (loại)

a) x²+y²-4x+4y+8=0

⇔ (x-2)²+(y+2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)5x²-4xy+y²=0

⇔ x²+(2x-y)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)x²+2y²+z²-2xy-2y-4z+5=0

⇔ (x-y)²+(y-1)²+(z-2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)3x²+3y²+3xy-3x+3y+3=0

⇔ 6x²+6y²+6xy-6x+6y+6=0

⇔ 3(x+y)²+3(x-1)²+3(y+1)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: =(a^2-b^2)-(2a-2b)

=(a-b)(a+b)-2(a-b)

=(a-b)(a+b-2)

b: =(3x-3y)+5y(x-y)

=3(x-y)+5y(x-y)

=(x-y)(5y+3)

c: \(=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)+x\left(y-x\right)\)

=(x-y)*(x+y)^2-x(x-y)

=(x-y)[(x+y)^2-x]

d: \(=\left(x-y+4-2x-3y+1\right)\left(x-y+4+2x+3y-1\right)\)

=(-x-4y+5)(3x+2y+3)

e: =16-(x^2-4xy+4y^2)

=16-(x-2y)^2

=(4-x+2y)(4+x-2y)

g: =9x^2-6x+1-(3xy-y)

=(3x-1)^2-y(3x-1)

=(3x-1)(3x-y-1)

h: =(x-y)^3-z^3

=(x-y-z)[(x-y)^2+z(x-y)+z^2]

=(x-y-z)(x^2-2xy+y^2+xz-yz+z^2)

a) \(a^2-b^2-2a+2b\)

\(=\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(2a-2b\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-2\right)\)

b) \(3x-3y-5x\left(y-x\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-3y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(5x+3\right)\left(x-y\right)\)

c) \(x\left(x+y\right)^2-y\left(x+y\right)^2+xy-x^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)+\left(xy-x^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-x\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-x\right)\)

d) \(\left(x-y+4\right)^2-\left(2x+3y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y+4+2x+3y-1\right)\left(x-y+4-2x-3y+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3x+2y+3\right)\left(-x-4y+5\right)\)

x,y∈Z không bạn

\(3xy+x-3y=5\\ \Rightarrow x\left(3y+1\right)-3y-1=5-1\\ \Rightarrow x\left(3y+1\right)-\left(3y-1\right)=4\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(3y-1\right)=4\)

Vì \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1,3y-1\in Z\\x-1,3y-1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;1\right);\left(0;-1\right);\left(-3;0\right)\right\}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{3}{y}\Rightarrow xy=45=1.45=3.15=5.9=\left(-1\right).\left(-45\right)=\left(-3\right).\left(-15\right)=\left(-5\right).\left(-9\right)\)

Mà x < y và x < 0 

=> x < y < 0 

=> ( x; y ) \(\in\){ ( -45; -1) ; ( -15; -3) ; (-9; -5) }