a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot8}{100}=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4mol\)

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

 0,4           0,4         0,4        0,4

a)\(m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\) 

 \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{7,3}\cdot100=200\left(g\right)\)

b)\(m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\)

   \(m_{H_2O}=0,4\cdot18=7,2\left(g\right)\)

   \(m_{ddsau}=200+200-7,2=392,8\left(g\right)\)

   \(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{23,4}{392,8}\cdot100=5,96\%\)

c) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

     \(2NaOH+SO_2\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)

         0,4          0,3         0,3              0,3

     \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot142=42,6\left(g\right)\)

a)

$AgNO_3 + HCl \to AgCl + HNO_3$
Theo PTHH : 

$n_{AgCl} = n_{HCl} = n_{AgNO_3} = \dfrac{340.10\%}{170} =0,2(mol)$

$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)$

b)

$m_{AgCl} = 0,2.143,5 = 28,7(gam)$

c)

$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 340 + 100 -28,7 = 411,3(gam)$

$n_{HNO_3} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{HNO_3} = \dfrac{0,2.63}{411,3}.100\% = 3,06\%$

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.\frac{200}{1000}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2R+2xH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_x+xH_2\uparrow\)

(mol)  0,2/x        0,2                0,1

Áp dụng CT m = M.n được : \(8=R.\frac{0,2}{x}\Rightarrow R=40x\)

Vì kim loại chỉ có hóa trị I, II và III nên :

Nếu x = 1 => R = 40 (nhận)

Nếu x = 2 => R = 80 (loại)

Nếu x = 3 => R = 120 (loại)

Vậy kim loại cần tìm là Ca

PTHH : \(CaSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)\downarrow_2+K_2SO_4\)

(mol)                       0,2               0,1             0,1

\(\Rightarrow m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times74=7,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{KOH}=0,2\times56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\frac{m_{KOH}}{11,2\%}=\frac{11,2}{11,2\%}=100\left(g\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)

Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)

\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(2KOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{K_2SO_4}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.58=5,8\left(g\right)\)

c, \(V_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)\)

d, \(C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2+0,05}=0,4\left(M\right)\)

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

0.2     0.4         0.2        0.2

\(nHCl=0.2\times2=0.4mol\)

a.\(m=0.2\times24=4.8g\); \(V=0.2\times22.4=4.48l\)

b.MgCl2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl 

    0.2                              0.2

\(mNaOH=20\%\times100=20g\Rightarrow nNaOH=0.5mol\)

=> MgCl2 hết, NaOH dư

\(mMg\left(OH\right)2=0.2\times58=11.6g\)

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

\(CO_2+Na\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)

b. \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{21}{84}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,25=0,5mol\)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)

c. \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,25mol\)

\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,25mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25g\)