a) \(M=x^2-3x+10\)

\(M=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

\(M=\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

\(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) nên: \(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}=\dfrac{31}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=\dfrac{31}{4}\) với \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

b) \(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\)

\(N=x^2+x^2+4y^2+y^2+4xy+8x-4y-120+16+4\)

\(N=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-120\)

\(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\)

Mà:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên \(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\ge120\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+4\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-4+2y=0\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=120\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a

\(M=x^2-3x+10=x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}.x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Min M \(=\dfrac{31}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

b

\(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\\ =x^2+8x+16+y^2-4y+4+x^2+4xy+4y^2-120\\ =\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(x+2y\right)^2-120\ge-120\)

Min N \(=-120\) khi và chỉ khi \(x=-4\) và \(y=2\)

\(A=x^4+2x^2-8x+2019\) \(=x^4-2x^2+1+4x^2-8x+4+2014\)

\(=\left(x^2-1\right)^2+4\left(x-1\right)^2+2014\ge2014\forall x\)  

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(T=-2\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy+2x-2y\right)-2y^2+8y+2004\)

\(T=-2\left(x-y+1\right)^2-2\left(y-2\right)^2+2012\le2012\)

\(T_{max}=2012\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=x^2+4xy+4y^2-4xy-4y^2+2x+3\)

\(=x^2+2x+3\)

a) Từ M = x − 3 2 2 + 31 4 ≥ 31 4 ⇒ M min = 31 4 ⇔ x = 3 2 .  

b) Ta có N = ( x   +   2 y ) 2   +   ( y   –   2 ) 2   +   ( x   +   4 ) 2   –   120   ≥   -   120 .

Tìm được N min  = -120 Û x = -4 và y = 2.

\(A=-x^2-4y^2+2x-12y-10\)

\(A=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)\)

\(A=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+3\right)^2\)

Vậy\(A_{max}=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(-x^2+2x-4y^2-12y-10\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2x+1+4y^2+12y+9\right)\)

\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+3\right)^2\le0\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

Đặt  \(K=4x^2+2y^2+4xy-16x-12y+5\)

\(K=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+y^2-16x-12y+5\)

\(K=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2-2\left(2x+y\right).4+16\right]+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-15\)

\(K=\left(2x+y-4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-15\)

Mà  \(\left(2x+y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)

      \(\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)

\(\Rightarrow K\ge-15\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :  \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y-4=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)

Vậy  \(K_{Min}=-15\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)