a: \(A=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+3\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3>=3\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1 và y=-2

b: \(B=x^2-4x+4+y^2-8y+16-14\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14>=-14\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2 và y=4

\(M=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2028\\ =3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)+6\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2025\\ =\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-3\right)^2+6\left(y-1\right)^2+2025\ge2025\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí) nên dấu \("="\) ko thể xảy ra

\(N=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\\ =\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy-20y+10x\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(M=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2028=\left(x+2\right)^2-6y\left(x+2\right)+9y^2+\left(x-5\right)^2+1999=\left(x+2-3y\right)^2+\left(x-5\right)^2+2019\ge1999\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(N=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=\left(x+5\right)^2-4y\left(x+5\right)+4y^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2=\left(x+5-2y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)\(2x^2+y^2+4x-2y-2xy+10=2x^2+y^2+4x-2y\left(x+1\right)+10\)

\(=y^2-2y\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+8\)

\(=y^2-2y\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)^2+8\)

\(=\left(y+x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+8\ge8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=-1 và y=0

b)\(5x^2+y^2+2xy-4x=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-1\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=1/2 và y=-1/2

c)\(x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=x^2-2x\left(2y-5\right)+5y^2-22y+28\)

\(=x^2-2x\left(2y-5\right)+\left(4y^2-20y+25\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\)

\(=x^2-2x\left(2y-5\right)+\left(2y-5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=-3 và y=1

a) Ta có A = x² - 2x - 1 = (x² - 2x + 1) - 2 = (x - 1)² - 2 \(\ge\) -2 

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 => x = 1

Vậy Min A = -2 <=> x = 1 

b) Ta có B = 4x² + 4x + 8 = (4x² + 4x + 1) + 7 = (2x + 1)² + 7 \(\ge\)7

Dấu |"=" xảy ra <=> 2x + 1 = 0 => x = -1/2

Vậy Min B = 7 <=> x = -1/2

c) Ta có C = 3x - x² + 2

                 = -(x² - 3x - 2)

                = -(x² - 3x + 9/4 - 9/4 - 2)

                = -[(x - 3/2)² - 17/4)

                 = -(x - 3/2)² + 17/4 \(\le\frac{17}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/2 = 0 => x = 3/2

Vậy Max C = 17/4 <=> x = 3/2

d) Ta có D = -x² - 5x = -(x² + 5x) = -(x² + 5x + 25/4 - 25/4) = -(x + 5/2)² + 25/4 \(\ge\frac{25}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 5/2 = 0 => x = -5/2

Vậy Max D = 25/4 <=> x = -5/2

e) Ta có E = x² - 4xy + 5y² + 10x - 22y + 28

                  = (x² - 4xy + 4y²) + 10x - 20y + y² - 2y + 28

                 = (x - 2y)² + 10(x - 2y) + 25 + (y² - 2y + 1) + 2

                 = (x - 2y + 5) + (y - 1)² + 2 \(\ge\)2

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)

Vậy Min E = 2 <=> x = -3 ; y = 1

\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=1\). Vậy GTNN của \(A\)là \(-2\).

\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge7\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\). Vậy GTNN của \(B\)là \(7\).

\(C=-x^2+3x+2=-x^2+2.\frac{3}{2}x-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}\le\frac{17}{4}\)

Dấu \(=\) xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(C\)là \(\frac{17}{4}\).

\(D=-x^2-5x=-x^2-2.\frac{5}{2}x-\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}=-\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}\le\frac{25}{4}\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-5}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(D\) là \(\frac{25}{4}\).

\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)

\(=x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}}\). Vậy GTNN của \(E\) là \(2\).