Đề bài
Tính:
a) \({8^{{{\log }_2}5}}\)
b) \({\left( {\frac{1}{{10}}} \right)^{\log 81}}\)
c) \({5^{{{\log }_{25}}16}}\)
Cho M = 25, N = 23. Tính và so sánh:
a) \({\log _2}\left( {MN} \right)\) và \({\log _2}M + {\log _2}N;\)
b) \({\log _2}\left( {\frac{M}{N}} \right)\) và \({\log _2}M - {\log _2}N.\)
a: \(log_2\left(M\cdot N\right)=log_2\left(2^5\cdot2^3\right)=log_2\left(2^8\right)=8\)
\(log_2M+log_2N=log_22^5+log_22^3=5+3=8\)
=>\(log_2\left(MN\right)=log_2M+log_2N\)
b: \(log_2\left(\dfrac{M}{N}\right)=log_2\left(\dfrac{2^5}{2^3}\right)=log_2\left(2^2\right)=2\)
\(log_2M-log_2N=log_22^5-log_22^3=5-3=2\)
=>\(log_2\left(\dfrac{M}{N}\right)=log_2M-log_2N\)
Tính giá trị các biểu thức sau:
a) \({\log _2}9.{\log _3}4\);
b) \({\log _{25}}\frac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }}\);
c) \({\log _2}3.{\log _9}\sqrt 5 .{\log _5}4\).
a) \(log_29\cdot log_34=4\)
b) \(log_{25}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
c) \(log_23\cdot log_9\sqrt{5}\cdot log_54=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Giải các phương trình sau:
a) \({\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^{x - 2}} = \sqrt 8 \);
b) \({9^{2x - 1}} = {81.27^x}\);
c) \(2{\log _5}\left( {x - 2} \right) = {\log _5}9\);
d) \({\log _2}\left( {3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right) = 2 - {\log _2}\left( {x - 1} \right)\).
\(a,\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{x-2}=\sqrt{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{2x-4}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(b,9^{2x-1}=81\cdot27^x\\ \Leftrightarrow3^{4x-2}=3^{4+3x}\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-2=4+3x\\ \Leftrightarrow x=6\)
c, ĐK: \(x-2>0\Rightarrow x>2\)
\(2log_5\left(x-2\right)=log_59\\
\Leftrightarrow log_5\left(x-2\right)^2=log_59\\
\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=3^2\\
\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=3\\x-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\
\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 5.
d, ĐK: \(x-1>0\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
\(log_2\left(3x+1\right)=2-log_2\left(x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow log_2\left(3x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x-5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
Giải mỗi phương trình sau:
a) \({\log _5}\left( {2x - 4} \right) + {\log _{\frac{1}{5}}}\left( {x - 1} \right) = 0\)
b) \({\log _2}x + {\log _4}x = 3\)
a)
ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-4>0\\x-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
\(\log_5\left(2x-4\right)+\log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(2x-4\right)-\log_5\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}\right)=\log_51\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy x = 3.
b) ĐK: x > 0
\(\log_2x+\log_4x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=4\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy x= 4
Đề bài
Giải mỗi phương trình sau:
a) \({\left( {0,3} \right)^{x - 3}} = 1\)
b) \({5^{3x - 2}} = 25\)
c) \({9^{x - 2}} = {243^{x + 1}}\)
d) \({\log _{\frac{1}{x}}}(x + 1) = - 3\)
e) \({\log _5}(3x - 5) = {\log _5}(2x + 1)\)
f) \({\log _{\frac{1}{7}}}(x + 9) = {\log _{\frac{1}{7}}}(2x - 1)\)
\(a,\left(0,3\right)^{x-3}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\\ b,5^{3x-2}=25\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2=2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ c,9^{x-2}=243^{x+1}\\ \Leftrightarrow3^{2x-4}=3^{5x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=5x+5\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=-9\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
d, Điều kiện: \(x>-1;x\ne0\)
\(log_{\dfrac{1}{x}}\left(x+1\right)=-3\\ \Leftrightarrow x+1=x^3\\ x\simeq1,325\left(tm\right)\)
e, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(log_5\left(3x-5\right)=log_5\left(2x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-5=2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=6\left(tm\right)\)
f, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(x+9\right)=log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(2x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+9=2x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=10\left(tm\right)\)
Giải các phương trình sau:
a) \({\log _{\frac{1}{2}}}\left( {x - 2} \right) = - 2\);
b) \({\log _2}\left( {x + 6} \right) = {\log _2}\left( {x + 1} \right) + 1\)
a) \({\log _{\frac{1}{2}}}\left( {x - 2} \right) = - 2\)
Điều kiện: \(x - 2 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > 2\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x = 6\).
b) \({\log _2}\left( {x + 6} \right) = {\log _2}\left( {x + 1} \right) + 1\)
Điều kiện: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + 6 > 0\\x + 1 > 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x > - 6\\x > - 1\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x > - 1\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x = 4\).
Đề bài
Tính:
a) \({\log _{12}}{12^3}\)
b) \({\log _{0,5}}0,25\)
c) \({\log _a}{a^{ - 3}}\,\,(a > 0;a \ne 1)\)
a) \(\log_{12}12^3=3.\log_{12}12=3.1=3\)
b) \(\log_{0,5}0,25=\log_{2^{-1}}2^{-2}=\dfrac{-2}{-1}\log_22=2.1=2\)
c) \(\log_aa^{-3}=-3.\log_aa=-3.1=-3\)
a: \(log_{12}12^3=3\)
b: \(=log_{0.5}0.5^2=2\)
c: \(log_aa^{-3}=-3\)
Hoạt động 3
Cho \(m = {2^7};\,n = {2^3}\)
a) Tính \({\log _2}\left( {mn} \right);{\log _2}m + {\log _2}n\) và so sánh các kết quả đó
b) Tính \({\log _2}\left( {\frac{m}{n}} \right);{\log _2}m - {\log _2}n\) và so sánh các kết quả đó
a: \(log_2\left(mn\right)=log_2\left(2^7\cdot2^3\right)=7+3=10\)
\(log_2m+log_2n=log_22^7+log_22^3=7+3=10\)
=>\(log_2\left(mn\right)=log_2m+log_2n\)
b: \(log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=log_2\left(\dfrac{2^7}{2^3}\right)=7-3=4\)
\(log_2m-log_2n=log_22^7-log_22^3=7-3=4\)
=>\(log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=log_2m-log_2n\)
a) \(\log_2\left(mn\right)=\log_2\left(2^7.2^3\right)=\log_22^{7+3}=\log_22^{10}=10.\log_22=10.1=10\)
\(\log_2m+\log_2n=\log_22^7+\log_22^3=7\log_22+3\log_22=7.1+3.1=7+3=10\)
b) \(\log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=\log_2\dfrac{2^7}{2^3}=\log_22^4=4.\log_22=4.1=4\)
\(\log_2m-\log_2n=\log_22^7-\log_22^3=7.\log_22-3\log_22=7.1-3.1=4\)
Tính:
a) \({\log _3}\sqrt[3]{3}\);
b) \({\log _{\frac{1}{2}}}8\);
c) \({\left( {\frac{1}{{25}}} \right)^{{{\log }_5}4}}\).
a) \(log_3\sqrt[3]{3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) \(log_{\dfrac{1}{2}}8=-3\)
c) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{25}\right)^{log_54}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)