Ta thấy x phải thuộc N 

Vì vậy ta có phép x

\(x+5=8\)

Dựa theo tính chất tìm số hạng chưa biết ta tiếp tục :

\(x=8-5\)

\(x=3\)

Vậy x = 3 thuộc N

Trong

\(\left(4x-1\right)\left(y-3\right)=18\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(4x-1\right);\left(y-3\right)\in U\left(18\right)=\left\{1;2;3;6;9;18\right\}\left(x,y\inℤ^+\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{1}{2};31\right);\left(\dfrac{3}{4};12\right);\left(1;9\right);\left(\dfrac{7}{4};6\right);\left(\dfrac{5}{2};5\right);\left(\dfrac{19}{4};4\right)\right\}\left(x,y\inℤ^+\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;9\right)\right\}\left(x,y\inℤ^+\right)\)

\(\left(2x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=22\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+5\right);\left(y-3\right)\in\left\{1;2;11;22\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-2;25\right);\left(-\dfrac{3}{2};14\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(\dfrac{17}{2};4\right)\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;5\right)\right\}\left(\left(x;y\inℤ^+\right)\right)\)

\(\left(2x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=22\\ \Rightarrow\left(2x+5\right);\left(y-3\right)\inƯ\left(22\right)=\left\{1;2;11;22\right\}\\ TH1:2x+5=1\Rightarrow x=-2\left(loại\right);\left(y-3\right)=22\Rightarrow y=25\\ TH2:2x+5=2\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(loại\right);\left(y-3\right)=11\Rightarrow y=14\\ TH3:2x+5=11\Rightarrow x=3;\left(y-3\right)=2\Rightarrow y=5\\ TH4:2x+5=22\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{17}{2}\left(loại\right);\left(y-3\right)=1\Rightarrow y=4\\Vậy:\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;5\right)\)

(2x + 5)(y - 3) = 22

Ư(22) = {-1,-2,-11,-22,1,2,11,22}

=> Ta có bảng:

Vậy ta có cặp x,y nguyên dương thỏa mãn là: (3;5)

Bài 1

a) \(x=x^5\)

\(x^5-x=0\)

\(x\left(x^4-1\right)=0\)

\(x=0\) hoặc \(x^4-1=0\)

* \(x^4-1=0\)

\(x^4=1\)

\(x=1\)

Vậy x = 0; x = 1

b) \(x^4=x^2\)

\(x^4-x^2=0\)

\(x^2\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

\(x^2=0\) hoặc \(x^2-1=0\)

*) \(x^2=0\)

\(x=0\)

*) \(x^2-1=0\)

\(x^2=1\)

\(x=1\)

Vậy \(x=0\); \(x=1\)

c) \(\left(x-1\right)^3=x-1\)

\(\left(x-1\right)^3-\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-1\right]=0\)

\(x-1=0\) hoặc \(\left(x-1\right)^2-1=0\)

*) \(x-1=0\)

\(x=1\)

*) \(\left(x-1\right)^2-1=0\)

\(\left(x-1\right)^2=1\)

\(x-1=1\) hoặc \(x-1=-1\)

**) \(x-1=1\)

\(x=2\)

**) \(x-1=-1\)

\(x=0\)

Vậy \(x=0\); \(x=1\); \(x=2\)

b: Ta có: \(2^{x+3}+2^x=144\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^x\cdot9=144\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=16\)

hay x=4

a) (x ^ 54)^2 = x                                         

         x^108  = x

Để: x^108  = x 

=> x=0 hoặc x=1

b)   2^x+3 +2^x =144

     2^X . 2^3 + 2^x =144

      2^x.( 2^3+1) =144

      2^x. 9            =144

       2^x                =144:9

      2^x                = 16

=> 2^x                 = 2^4

-Vậy  x = 4