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Với a;b;c dương ta có:

\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

Lại có:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)

Áp dụng:

\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2.\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{9}.9.\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{x+y},\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{y+z},\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{z+x}\)

Đề trở thành: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\), tính \(P=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) Tương đương \(ab+bc=-ac\)

\(P=\dfrac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{-ac\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2c^2-a^2b^2+ab^2c-b^2c^2}{ab^2c}=\dfrac{ac}{b^2}-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\)\(=ac\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{c}\) tương đương \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)) 

\(=3\)

Vậy P=3

\(x+y+z=0\)

⇔\(-x=y+z\)

⇔\(x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\) 

⇔\(x^2=y^2+2yz+z^2\) 

⇔\(y^2+z^2-x^2=-2yz\)

Tương tự:

\(z^2+x^2-y^2=-2zx\)

\(x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

➞ S = \(\dfrac{1}{-2xy}+\dfrac{1}{-2yz}+\dfrac{1}{-2zx}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{-2xyz}=0\) 

Vậy S = 0

Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=z^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

Tương tự ta được:
\(S=\frac{1}{-2xy}+\frac{1}{-2yz}+\frac{1}{-2zx}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}=0\)

Vậy S=0

Đặt \(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

Do x,y,z là các số thực dương nên ta biến đổi \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{y^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{z^2}}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x^2};b=\frac{1}{y^2};c=\frac{1}{z^2}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)thì \(xy+yz+zx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}=1\)và \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+c}}+a+b+c\)

Biến đổi biểu thức P=\(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{a+1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{b+1}{16}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{c+1}{16}\right)+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{b}-\frac{3}{16}\)

Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cauchy ta có

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a+1}{64\left(a+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b+1}{64\left(b+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c+1}{64\left(c+1\right)}}+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{16}-\frac{3}{16}\)

\(=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)

Mặt khác ta có \(1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\Leftrightarrow abc\ge27\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{27}=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot9=\frac{21}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c hay \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)