a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

                a_____3a______________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a                   (mol)

            \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____2b_____________b                        (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{7,8}\cdot100\%\approx69,23\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30,77\%\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot3+0,1\cdot2}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)

\(a.......\dfrac{2a}{3}\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)

\(b.......\dfrac{3b}{4}\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2a}{3}+\dfrac{3b}{4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.15,b=0.2\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=0.2\cdot27=5.4\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8.4}{8.4+5.4}\cdot100\%=60.8\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=100-60.8=39.2\%\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 56b = 11,84

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            a--->2a--------->a----->a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            b-->2b-------->b------>b

=> 2a + 2b = 0,56

=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Sửa đề : 7.5 (g) 

nMg = a (mol) 

nAl = b (mol) 

=> 24a + 27b = 7.5 (1) 

nH2 = 7.84/22.4 = 0.35 (mol) 

Mg + 2H⁺ => Mg²⁺ + H2 

2Al + 6H⁺ => 2Al³⁺ + 3H2 

nH2 = a + 1.5b = 0.35 (2) 

(1) , (2) : 

a= 0.2 

b = 0.1 

mMg = 4.8 (g) 

mAl = 2.7 (g) 

b.\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8mol\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27x\\m_{Mg}=24y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

  x        3x                                     ( mol )

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

 y        2y                                        ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=7,8\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4g\end{matrix}\right.\)

a,b  \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29.2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi n_Al = a ( mol ) ; n_Mg = b(mol)
PTHH : 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂  ( 1 )

PTHH : Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl₂ + H₂  ( 2 )

Ta có : 27a + 24b  = 7,8 

Theo PT ( 1 ) : n_HCl = 3 n_Al = 3a (mol) 

Theo PT (2 ) : n_HCl = 2 n_Mg =2b (mol )

=> 3a + 2b = 0,8 

Từ những điều trên ta có \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\3a+2b=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT (1) : Ta thấy : 0,2 < 0,8 => Al đủ , HCl dư

\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.3\right)}{2}.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

PT (2) : Ta thấy : 0,1 < 0,8 => Mg đủ , HCl dư 

\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)