Sửa đề : 13.9 (g) 

\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=27a+56b=13.9\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=1.5a+b=0.35\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)

\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.1\cdot27}{13.9}\cdot100\%=19.42\%\)

\(\%Fe=100-19.42=80.58\%\)

Đáp án A

Đặt n_Fe = a và n_Al = b.

+ Phương trình theo khối lượng hỗn hợp: 56a + 27b = 9,65 (1)

+ Phương trình bảo toàn e là: 2a + 3b = 2n_H2 = 0,65 (2)

+ Giải hệ (1) và (2) ⇒ n_Al = b = 0,15 mol

⇒ %m_Al = 0,15×27/9,65 × 100 ≈ 41,97% 

n_H2= \(\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}\) = 0,04(mol)

Mg + 2HCl  \(\rightarrow\) MgCl₂  + H₂\(\uparrow\)

a                                  \(\rightarrow\)    a     (mol)

2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂\(\uparrow\)         (ai dạy Al hóa trị II thế =.=)

b                                  \(\rightarrow\) 1,5b   (mol)

Gọi a,b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Al

Theo đầu bài, ta có:   \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=0.78\\a+1,5b=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,01\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m_Mg= 0,01.24 = 0,24(g)

=> m_Al = 0,78 - 0,24 = 0,54(g)

a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075

=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)

=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)

b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

          0,05->0,0375

           2Cu + O₂ --t^o--> 2CuO 

            0,2-->0,1

=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195mol\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+24y=3,87\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow1,5x+y=0,195\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,09\\y=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Al}=0,09\cdot27=2,43g\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,06\cdot24=1,44g\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 56b = 11,84

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            a--->2a--------->a----->a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            b-->2b-------->b------>b

=> 2a + 2b = 0,56

=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Chọn đáp án C

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)