\(a^2+b^2+4\ge ab+2\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+8\ge2ab+4\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+8-2ab-4a-4b\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+a^2-4a+4+b^2-4b+4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-2\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2\ge0\) (Luôn đúng)

Vậy đẳng thức ban đầu được chứng minh.

a)\(a^2+ab+b^2=a^2+\dfrac{2ab}{2}+\left(\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\)

\(=\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)

b)\(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-b^3\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\forall a,b\)

Ta có a⁴ + b⁴ - a³ b - ab³ = (a - b)(a³ - b³)

= (a -b)² (a² + ab + b²)

= (a - b)² [\(\frac{3b^2}{4}+\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\)]\(\ge0\)

Ta lại có a⁴ + b⁴ \(\ge2a^2b^2\)

Từ đó => 2(a⁴ + b⁴) \(\ge\)ab³ + a³ b + 2 a² b²

\(2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2\right)\cdot\left(a^{ }^2+b^2\right)\ge2ab\cdot\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}=ab\cdot\left(a+b\right)^2=ab^3+2a^2b^2+a^3b\)

a)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

b) \(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(a^2+b^2+b+\frac{5}{2}\ge ab+2a\)

<=> \(a^2-2a-ab+b^2+b+\frac{5}{2}\ge0\)

<=> \(a^2-\left(2+b\right)a+b^2+b+\frac{5}{2}\ge0\)

<=> \(\left(a-\frac{2+b}{2}\right)^2-\frac{\left(2+b\right)^2}{4}+b^2+b+\frac{5}{2}\ge0\)

<=> \(\left(a-\frac{2+b}{2}\right)^2-\frac{\left(2+b\right)^2}{4}+b^2+b+\frac{5}{2}\ge0\)

<=> \(\left(a-\frac{2+b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\ge0\) đúng với mọi a; b 

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