a)     \({3^{{x^2} - 4x + 5}} = 9 \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 4x + 5 = 2 \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 4x + 3 = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right) = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 3\\x = 1\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x \in \left\{ {1;3} \right\}\)

b)    \(0,{5^{2x - 4}} = 4 \Leftrightarrow 2x - 4 = {\log _{0,5}}4 \Leftrightarrow 2x = 2 \Leftrightarrow x = 1\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 1

c)     \({\log _3}(2x - 1) = 3\)    ĐK: \(2x - 1 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > \frac{1}{2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow 2x - 1 = 27 \Leftrightarrow x = 14\) (TMĐK)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 14

d)    \(\log x + \log (x - 3) = 1\)  ĐK: \(x - 3 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > 3\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \log \left( {x.\left( {x - 3} \right)} \right) = 1\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x = 10\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x - 10 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 5} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x =  - 2 (loại) \,\,\,\\x = 5 (TMĐK) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm x = 5

\(a,\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{x-2}=\sqrt{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{2x-4}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(b,9^{2x-1}=81\cdot27^x\\ \Leftrightarrow3^{4x-2}=3^{4+3x}\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-2=4+3x\\ \Leftrightarrow x=6\)

c, ĐK: \(x-2>0\Rightarrow x>2\)

\(2log_5\left(x-2\right)=log_59\\ \Leftrightarrow log_5\left(x-2\right)^2=log_59\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=3^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=3\\x-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 5.

d, ĐK: \(x-1>0\Leftrightarrow x>1\)

\(log_2\left(3x+1\right)=2-log_2\left(x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow log_2\left(3x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x-5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(a,\left(0,3\right)^{x-3}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\\ b,5^{3x-2}=25\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2=2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ c,9^{x-2}=243^{x+1}\\ \Leftrightarrow3^{2x-4}=3^{5x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=5x+5\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=-9\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-3\)

d, Điều kiện: \(x>-1;x\ne0\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{x}}\left(x+1\right)=-3\\ \Leftrightarrow x+1=x^3\\ x\simeq1,325\left(tm\right)\)

e, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(log_5\left(3x-5\right)=log_5\left(2x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-5=2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=6\left(tm\right)\)

f, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(x+9\right)=log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(2x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+9=2x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=10\left(tm\right)\)

tham khảo

a)Điều kiện \(3-x>0\) hay \(x< 3\)

\(4-log\left(3-x\right)=3log\left(3-x\right)=1\Leftrightarrow10^1=3-x\)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là \(x=2\) thỏa mãn điều kiện

b) Điều kiện \(x+2>0\) và \(x-1>0\) tức là \(x>1\)

\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=2\Rightarrow x^2+x-4=0\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

\(a,3^{1-2x}=4^x\\ \Leftrightarrow1-2x=log_34^x\\ \Leftrightarrow1-2x=xlog_34\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+xlog_34=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(2+log_34\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2+log_34}=\dfrac{1}{log_39+log_34}=\dfrac{1}{log_336}=log_{36}3\)

b, ĐK: \(x>-1\)

\(log_3\left(x+1\right)+log_3\left(x+4\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow log_3\left(x^2+5x+4\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+4=9\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-5+3\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{-5-3\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) 

ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-4>0\\x-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x>1\)

\(\log_5\left(2x-4\right)+\log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(2x-4\right)-\log_5\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}\right)=\log_51\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy x = 3.

b) ĐK: x > 0

\(\log_2x+\log_4x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=4\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy x= 4

a, ĐK: \(4x+4>0\Rightarrow x>-1\)

\(log_6\left(4x+4\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow4x+4=36\\ \Leftrightarrow4x=32\\ \Leftrightarrow x=8\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy x = 8.

b, ĐK: \(x-2>0\Rightarrow x>2\)

\(log_3x-log_3\left(x-2\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow log_3\left(x^2-2x\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy x = 3.

\(a,3^x>\dfrac{1}{243}\\ \Leftrightarrow3^x>3^{-5}\\ \Leftrightarrow x>-5\\ b,\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{3x-7}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-7\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow3x\le8\\ \Leftrightarrow x\le\dfrac{8}{3}\\ c,4^{x+3}\ge32^x\\ \Leftrightarrow2^{2x+6}\ge2^{5x}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+6\ge5x\\ \Leftrightarrow3x\le6\\ \Leftrightarrow x\le2\)

d, Điều kiện: x > 1

\(log\left(x-1\right)< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1< 1\\ \Leftrightarrow1< x< 2\)

e, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\left(2x-1\right)\ge log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\left(x+3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-1\ge x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow x\ge4\)

f, Điều kiện: x > 4

\(ln\left(x+3\right)\ge ln\left(2x-8\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3\ge2x-8\\\Leftrightarrow4< x\le11\)